Analysis of failure initiation in corroded cast iron pipes under cyclic loading due to formation of through-wall cracks

Jiang, Rui Juan; Rathnayaka, Suranji; Shannon, Benjamin; Zhao, Xiao Ling; Ji, Jian; Kodikara, Jayantha

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.04.031

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…According to Ratnayake et al 86 , corrosion and cracks on the internal surfaces of water pipelines are related and primarily cause internal pressure loading. Operating pressures, according to Ji et al 87 , cause severe fatigue-corrosion damage. As a result, if this factor is poorly managed, water pressure fluctuation as an operating factor can accelerate corrosion rates.…”

Section: Physical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and ranking of corrosion causes for water pipelines: a critical review

Hussein Farh,

Ben Seghier,

Taiwo

et al. 2023

npj Clean Water

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Corrosion is still the most common contributor to failures in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs), causing detrimental techno-socio-economic impacts. Although the corrosion process has been the subject of several studies, factors influencing this process remain a source of contention due to the complexity of the process and its influence by the surrounding environment. Considering the prior reviews, this comprehensive review is considered an early attempt to thoroughly cover the most influential corrosion factors in water pipelines. Corrosion factors have been classified into three main categories: 1) environmental factors; soil factors, external factors, and stray current factors; 2) pipe-related factors, and 3) operational factors. A fault tree analysis diagram was used to map, discuss, and analyze all significant corrosion causes of the buried water pipelines to facilitate easy visualization from basic factors to their intermediate and parent factors. Furthermore, the techno-socio-economic impacts of corrosion on water pipelines and beyond are appropriately addressed to demonstrate the issue’s multi-dimensional importance. The research is expanded to rank these factors using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process to provide a better understanding of the currently focused research investigation and to enable the extraction of gaps and existing limitations in scholarly literature. The findings revealed that water quality is the most investigated factor, followed by electrical infrastructure and soil quality. Conversely, operational factors exhibit the greatest relative weight (0.428), followed by environmental factors (0.337). These findings highlight areas where further research is needed, and the article proposes potential directions for future studies to address these gaps.

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Section: Physical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and ranking of corrosion causes for water pipelines: a critical review

Hussein Farh,

Ben Seghier,

Taiwo

et al. 2023

npj Clean Water

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“…Literature reports of stress-strain tests using exhumed GCI pipes come mainly from North America and Australia, and are predominantly for spun-cast pipes [9], [14]- [17]. Unfortunately, few stress-strain curves are available in the literature, so box-plots of the available tensile stressstrain parameters for spun-cast pipes are provided in Figure 2.…”

Section: Stress-strain Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2: Box plots of the spun-cast GCI water pipe tensile stress-strain data available from the literature [9], [14]- [17].…”

Section: Stress-strain Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developing a fundamental understanding of how GCI pipes develop through-wall cracks in response to these loads must be done experimentally so that the loading can be controlled, tests can be repeated, and the failure mode can be observed. For example, the formation of fatigue cracks in GCI pipes has been proposed as a potential leak initiation mechanism [8], [9], but physical tests are needed to confirm this and validate a suitable fatigue failure criterion. These tests must include cyclic, biaxial stress conditions to investigate the effect of this loading type on the time it takes for a leaking crack to form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating an alternative to exhumed grey cast iron water pipes for small-scale fatigue tests

John,

Boxall,

Collins

et al. 2022

Proceedings - 2nd International Join Conference on Water Distribution System Analysis (WDSA)& Computing and Control in the

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Reducing and preventing leakage is a priority for water distribution network managers in many countries, including the UK. Understanding the mechanisms that cause leaks to form, and developing the ability to model these processes, will enable proactive replacement of water pipes before they start to leak. Smaller diameter Grey Cast Iron (GCI) water pipes are understood to experience biaxial, repeating loads, so fatigue cracking may be a cause of leakage for these pipes. To investigate this fatigue cracking mechanism a small-scale biaxial fatigue experiment is under development at The University of Sheffield. A large number of small diameter, un-corroded GCI pipes are needed to serve as specimens for this experiment. Therefore, in this work off-the-shelf BS416-2 DN 50 mm soil pipes are explored as an alternative to using exhumed pipes, which are often corroded and ≥76.2 mm diameter. The graphite microstructure and tensile stress-strain behaviour of a BS416-2 pipe were characterised and compared with literature data for exhumed spun-cast GCI water pipes, and a good agreement was found. This work concluded that BS 416-2 soil pipes can be used to represent spun-cast GCI water pipes in small-scale destructive experiments.

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“…Additionally, the system should gather data on the location of the water supply network, ground conditions, foundation depth, time taken for failure removal, potential causes of the failure, the resulting effects, and probable consequences [44][45][46][47]. This requires extensive databases and the use of IT systems such as SCADA [48,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Failure Risk Analysis of the Water Supply Network

Tchórzewska-Cieślak,

Pietrucha-Urbanik,

Piegdoń

2023

Water

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The primary objective of this work is to introduce a novel approach that modifies the method for analyzing and assessing the risk of water supply network failure. The approach aligns with recommendations from the World Health Organization and the European Union regarding the reliability and safety of water supply to consumers. The presented method for assessing the risk in the water distribution subsystem was based on the vulnerability identifying method (VIM) and involves the determination of the vulnerability index (VI). The VIM vulnerability factors considered encompass the failure rate, chemical stability of water, and issues related to water corrosion properties in water distribution subsystems. The obtained risk assessment includes parameters such as the probability of hazard occurrence, the consequences of these hazards, and vulnerability to them. This concept was evaluated using real operational data from the water distribution subsystem. The estimated risk level, under the given operating conditions, indicates its acceptability.

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Analysis of failure initiation in corroded cast iron pipes under cyclic loading due to formation of through-wall cracks

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Analysis and ranking of corrosion causes for water pipelines: a critical review

Analysis and ranking of corrosion causes for water pipelines: a critical review

Investigating an alternative to exhumed grey cast iron water pipes for small-scale fatigue tests

The Failure Risk Analysis of the Water Supply Network

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