Analysis of failure following definitive radiotherapy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

The role of radiotherapy in urinary bladder cancer: current status

“…The study concluded that RT may be used in the treatment of muscle-invasive tumors, with a better probability of success in patients with less advanced clinical stages, in the presence of tumors on the papillary surface, in the absence of urethral obstruction, and with the possibility of complete transurethral resection. Similar findings were published by Mameghan et al (31) in which bad prognostic factors for vesical recurrence were tumor multiplicity, the presence of urethral obstruction and larger tumor size.…”

Heterogeneity of in vitro radiosensitivity in human bladder cancer cells

“…Whilst radiotherapy is not used for Tis +Ta (noninvasive) bladder cancer, there appears to be a correlation between depth of invasion (increasing T stage) and local control [32], as well as survival [33], which depends on both metastatic potential as well as the likelihood of local control. Thus the five-year survival for patients with stage T 1 tumors is 60%, for stage T 2 tumors, 40%, for stage T 3 disease, 20%, and for stage T 4 disease, only 10% [33], whilst the risk of relapse is 34% for T 1 , 37% for T 2 , 41% for T 3A and 46% for T 3B , and 50% and 55% for T 4A and T 4B tumors, respectively [32]. Hence there is a need to study the irradiation response of bladder cancers to better predict their response to radiotherapy.…”

Bladder preservation in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer

“…Bladder preservation with monotherapy has yielded inferior rates of local control. The 5-year overall survival in radiation therapy series ranges from approximately 25% to 45% [9][10][11][12][13]. Nearly half of these patients require radical cystectomy or further treatment for either residual disease or local relapse in the bladder.…”