Analysis of factors that affect shoulder balance after correction surgery in scoliosis: a global analysis of all the curvature types

Abstract

Significant relations were found between correction rate of middle, and distal curvature, and postoperative shoulder balance. In addition, preoperative shoulder level difference can be a determinant of postoperative shoulder balance.

Is neck tilt and shoulder imbalance the same phenomenon? A prospective analysis of 89 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients (Lenke type 1 and 2)

“…Winter [10] described trapezial fullness or prominence when overcorrection of the MT curves occured. This was echoed by Hong et al [9] whereby a shoulder balance was affected by the amount of correction done at the middle thoracic curve. Arlet et al [21] meanwhile reported on two cases whereby overcorrection of the MT curve lead neck tilt which was subsequently managed by 'letting the spine go'.…”

“…The strength of pedicle screws has enabled shorter fusion with more correction [7,8]. However, over correction of the main thoracic (MT) curve may give rise to shoulder imbalance [9,10]. This phenomenon is due to failure of the proximal curve to compensate in Lenke type 2 curves as well as in a selective group of Lenke type 1 curve.…”

Association of Postoperative Shoulder Balance With Adding-on in Lenke Type II Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

“…On the contrary, shoulder imbalance is also a frequent problem after surgery. 11 PSI often causes unsatisfactory appearance on young patients. Interestingly, we have observed improvement of shoulder imbalance with development of postoperative adding-on phenomenon in some patients during a follow-up period.…”

Reliability Analysis of Shoulder Balance Measures

“…Four previously studied parameters were used to determine the shoulder level ( Figure 1A-D ). 10 1. Coracoid height difference (CHD) : CHD is the height difference in millimeters between the horizontal lines passing through the upper margin of each coracoid process.…”