Analysis of factors correlating with medical radiological examination frequencies

Jahnen, Andréas; Järvinen, H; Olerud, Hilde Merete; Vassilieva, J.; Vogiatzi, S.; Shannoun, Ferid; R, Bly

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncv041

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…With the recent expansion of radiological imaging procedures, medical radiation exposure has been rapidly increased during the last 3 decades; in the United States, annual per capita medical radiation exposure has been increased from 0.53 mSv in 1980 to 3.0 mSv in 2006, the largest source of which was CT ( 7 ). The proportion of CT examination has become more considerable in medical radiation exposure because the amount of CT examination is related to economic development ( 8 ). However, a concern recently has been raised that FDG PET/CT would be another large source of medical radiation exposure because it has been increased rapidly over the last 10 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Dose from Whole-Body F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Nationwide Survey in Korea

et al. 2016

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The purpose of this study was to estimate average radiation exposure from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations and to analyze possible factors affecting the radiation dose. A nation-wide questionnaire survey was conducted involving all institutions that operate PET/CT scanners in Korea. From the response, radiation doses from injected FDG and CT examination were calculated. A total of 105 PET/CT scanners in 73 institutions were included in the analysis (response rate of 62.4%). The average FDG injected activity was 310 ± 77 MBq and 5.11 ± 1.19 MBq/kg. The average effective dose from FDG was estimated to be 5.89 ± 1.46 mSv. The average CT dose index and dose-length product were 4.60 ± 2.47 mGy and 429.2 ± 227.6 mGy∙cm, which corresponded to 6.26 ± 3.06 mSv. The radiation doses from FDG and CT were significantly lower in case of newer scanners than older ones (P < 0.001). Advanced PET technologies such as time-of-flight acquisition and point-spread function recovery were also related to low radiation dose (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the average radiation dose from FDG PET/CT is estimated to be 12.2 mSv. The radiation dose from FDG PET/CT is reduced with more recent scanners equipped with image-enhancing algorithms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Dose from Whole-Body F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Nationwide Survey in Korea

et al. 2016

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“…For the nodule positions included in the study, the effect of the error in the code was deemed negligible. Hence, as the detectability for simulated nodules located in high-signal regions of the lungs probably not has been affected by the correction of the code, the detection rate was probably slightly too high also for the simulated nodules included in the measurement study performed using the uncorrected code (14). Thus, for all three nodule measurement studies the number of nodules judged as measurable might have been affected by a slightly too high detection rate of the simulated nodules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As the artifact introduced by the undesired rounding function is of little importance for simulated nodules inserted into high-signal regions, it can be argued that the results regarding measurement accuracy and precision were unaffected by the artifact. To confirm this in the study (14), an experienced thoracic radiologist compared nodules inserted with the uncorrected code and with the corrected code in terms of apparent size and visibility. For the nodule positions included in the study, the effect of the error in the code was deemed negligible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As described above, the nodule simulation method has been used in three studies investigating the accuracy and precision of nodule size measurements in CTS (14)(15)(16). In one of these studies (14), the uncorrected code was used. However, that study was restricted to nodules at positions in the lung corresponding to locations in high-signal regions in the projection images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method was evaluated in an observer study that revealed that although the artificial lung nodules on average had similar detection rate as real nodules, experienced thoracic radiologists to some extent were able to distinguish them from real nodules (13). The nodule simulation method was used by So¨derman et al (14) to investigate the dependency of the accuracy and precision of pulmonary nodule size measurements on the dose level. During the preparation of two additional studies, aiming at further investigating measurement accuracy and precision of nodule measurements (15) and the effect of the measurement direction (16), it was found that the computer code used to generate the artificial nodules included a rounding function that used an undesired method for rounding floating point values to integers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a corrected implementation of a method of simulating pulmonary nodules in chest tomosynthesis

et al. 2016

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Background A method of simulating pulmonary nodules in tomosynthesis images has previously been developed and evaluated. An unknown feature of a rounding function included in the computer code was later found to introduce an artifact, affecting simulated nodules in low-signal regions of the images. The computer code has now been corrected. Purpose To perform a thorough evaluation of the corrected nodule-simulation method, comparing the detection rate and visual appearance of artificial nodules with those of real nodules in an observer performance experiment. Material and Methods A cohort of 64 patients with a total of 129 pulmonary nodules was used in the study. Artificial nodules, each matching a corresponding real nodule by size, attenuation, and anatomical location, were generated and simulated into the tomosynthesis images of the different patients. The detection rate and visual appearance of artificial nodules generated using both the corrected and uncorrected computer code were compared to those of real nodules. The results were evaluated using modified receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results The difference in detection rate between artificial and real nodules slightly increased using the corrected computer code (uncorrected code: area under the curve [AUC], 0.47; 95% CI, 0.43-0.51; corrected code: AUC, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.38-0.46). The visual appearance was however substantially improved using the corrected computer code (uncorrected code: AUC, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.63-0.76; corrected code: AUC, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.65). Conclusion The computer code including a correct rounding function generates simulated nodules that are more visually realistic than simulated nodules generated using the uncorrected computer code, but have a slightly different detection rate compared to real nodules.

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The Frequencies of X-Ray Examinations and Ct Scans: Findings From a Sample Investigation in Jiangsu, China

Wang

Zhu

2020

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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Objective: The present study was performed to evaluate the frequencies of two kinds of examinations using a proportional sample of 262 medical institutions and to observe the factors affecting the amount of examination-related exposure. The other aim of the present study was to observe the relationship between X-ray and CT frequency with GDP per capita, which could indicate the connection between medical exposure practice and economy. Methods: A random sample was taken from a pool of 316 medical institutions, and correlation analyses were performed to identify the factors affecting the amount of examination-related exposure. A representative sample of 262 medical institutions, proportional to the distribution of hospitals across grades, was used, and a multiple linear regression model was constructed. Results: The frequencies of X-ray examinations and CT scans were 523 per 1000 people and 223 per 1000 people, respectively. The two kinds of radio-diagnostic examinations showed different patterns in their relationships with GDP per capita. The factors correlated with the amounts of exposure due to the two kinds of examinations and the outpatient and equipment numbers showed distinctive patterns in the group of grade three institutions. Conclusions: The improvement in the economy has caused a rapid increase in the use of radio-diagnostic examinations. The differences in factors correlated with the two types of examinations may stem from the workload statuses of CT scans and X-ray examinations in grade three hospitals.

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Analysis of factors correlating with medical radiological examination frequencies

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Radiation Dose from Whole-Body F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Nationwide Survey in Korea

Radiation Dose from Whole-Body F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Nationwide Survey in Korea

Evaluation of a corrected implementation of a method of simulating pulmonary nodules in chest tomosynthesis

The Frequencies of X-Ray Examinations and Ct Scans: Findings From a Sample Investigation in Jiangsu, China

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