Analysis of exposure to radon in Bulgarian rehabilitation hospitals

Ivanova, Kremena; Dzhunakova, Desislava; Stojanovska, Zdenka; Djounova, Jana; Kunovska, Bistra; Chobanova, Nina

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-17143-9

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the effective doses for hospital workers did not exceed the exposure limit of 1 mSv per year. 48…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For long-term radon monitoring (>2 months), Radtrak2® alpha track detectors (Radon Environmental Management Corp., Maple Ridge, BC, Canada) were used, 45,46 and electret passive environmental radon monitor (E-PERM®) detectors (Rad Elec Inc., Frederick, MD, USA) were used for short-term monitoring (<7 days). 47,48 An active-type RAD7 radon detector (Durridge Company Inc., Billerica, MA, USA) was used for the real-time monitoring of radon concentrations per hour. The RAD7 radon detector, which was previously used in several studies, can measure real-time radon concentrations using a method of collecting alpha particle emissions by analysing the detector's internal spectrum using static electricity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational exposure monitoring for radon in various manufacturing workplaces and underground public-use facilities in Korea

Lee

LIM

Seo

2023

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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“…However, the effective doses for hospital workers did not exceed the exposure limit of 1 mSv per year. 48…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure monitoring for radon in various manufacturing workplaces and underground public-use facilities in Korea

Lee

LIM

Seo

2023

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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“…The mineral water is radon-rich. The measured radon concentration in the spring water was 630 Bq/L, during the previous survey (4). The measurements of radon and progeny concentration were carried out in three locations of Narechenski Mineralni Bani: in the bath of a spa hotel; in the treatment room of the rehabilitation hospital as well as in the 'pavilion'.…”

Section: Objects Of Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, measurements in workplaces and other specific public buildings (such as spas, museums, hospitals, etc.) have recently been carried out (4). Taking in account the specific relation of radon value to ventilation and different sources.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous measurements of radon and radon progeny in various public places

Ivanova

Stojanovska

Kunovska

et al. 2022

radon

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The exposure to radon in buildings open to the public and at workplaces depends on many factors, for example, forms of utilization, construction conditions, time of exposure, heating, and ventilation conditions, etc. To evaluate the radon exposure in different working environments, continuous simultaneous measurements of radon (CRn), equilibrium equivalent (EEC), and potential alpha energy (PAEC) concentrations for 24 hours were performed using AlphaE for CRn and DOSEman PRO from SARAD GmbH for EEC and PAEC measurements. The study considered measurements at three locations in the radon-rich spa of Narechen, Asenovgrad, and at an old mine turned museum in the town of Pernik. A comparison was made between the average values of the concentrations relating to all-day and only working hours when the measurements were completed. The CRn increases during the working hours in the museum as well as in the bath of the spa, while it decreases in the spa’s treatment room. On the other hand, the EEC and PAEC are increasing at all locations. The concentrations increasing due to working hours, which are integrated into long-term measurements can cause underestimated radon exposures in radon reach working environment.

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“…Проследени са и промените във времето на съдържанията на радон във водите на минералния извор в центъра на София, с оглед изясняване на връзката със сеизмични явления (Uzunov et al, 1984). Съдържанието на радон в използваните минерални води в големите спа-центрове в България са дадени от Ivanova et al (2021).…”

Section: въведениеunclassified

Status of the geogenic radon potential investigations in Bulgaria

Mihaylova¹,

Trayanova²,

Mutovska³

2022

Eng. Geol. and Hydrogeol.

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Radon (222Rn) is a radioactive gas and formed as a result of the radioactive decay of radium. 222Rn relieved from the ground could accumulate in the building and contribute to human exposure. Exposure to indoor radon and its decay products contributes to half of the annual dose received by the public from all natural radioactive sources. Radon is recognized as a carcinogenic agent by the WHO and is the second leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoke. The radon concentration in buildings and the exposure to radon depend on many factors, but it can be assumed that geology is the main factor influencing the variation of indoor radon. In this regard, the geogenic radon potential (GRP) of the terrain is the probability of the presence of high radon concentration in a building, the genesis of which is directly related to the influence of the earth's surface, and not e.g. from building materials. In addition, there is a concept “radon index”, which is used to characterize GRP. One of the approaches for quantifying the radon index is based on a multivariate cross-tabulation, which includes two parameters – radon concentration in soil gas and gas permeability of the earth layer. Till 2019, complex studies concerning correlation between the measured radon concentrations and bedrock geology in Bulgaria are only scarce and quite general. In the last three years, there are attempts for detailed investigations for evaluation of the bedrock and superficial geology associating with radon potential or/and radon index determinations. Therefore, research works on geogenic radon so far in Bulgaria can be divided into two main groups: regional research works related to the "radon-rock" relationship and local research aimed at determining the radon index at specific sites. In the first group appertain investigations about defining the rock formations in Bulgaria, in their outcrop presence, with possible high radon potential based on geological and published more general “radon–rock correlations” data. Based on that, a GIS based map for the spatial distribution of the particular rock types in accordance with the expected radon potential is made. Also to this group belongs a study concerning spatial sampling design for the use of the polygons (Sliven Province) as the unit of sampling, data collection, and analysis and reduces the number of observations, as well as would optimize the gathering, analysis and systematization of the data for the preparation of a methodology for the preparation of geogenic radon potential map. In the second group appertain investigations of the radon index determination at the two pilot sites affected by fault systems in Sofia.

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Analysis of exposure to radon in Bulgarian rehabilitation hospitals

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Occupational exposure monitoring for radon in various manufacturing workplaces and underground public-use facilities in Korea

Occupational exposure monitoring for radon in various manufacturing workplaces and underground public-use facilities in Korea

Continuous measurements of radon and radon progeny in various public places

Status of the geogenic radon potential investigations in Bulgaria

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