Analysis of explosives by high performance liquid chromatography and chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract

5 4 3 log [5,0;-] Flgure 7. Calibration curve for thiosulfate using a pH 8.1 phosphate-citrate mobile phase. 10 pL were injected onto a 0.2-cm X 50-cm column of 200-400 mesh Amberlite strongly acidic cationexchange resin. Current I is peak current in nA. Concentrations are in units of mol/L example thiourea. The calibration curve in Figure 7 was obtained with a detector of the type depicted in Figure 2. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe authors are grateful to F. Cantwell of the University of Alberta for numerous helpful discussions.High performance llquld chromatography and chemical ionlzetion mass spectrometry have been applied to the Isolation and ldentlficatlon of explosives. The use of ammonla as a reagent gas for chemical ionlzatlon has been evaluated and Its advantages over methane, water, hydrogen, and isobutane are discussed on the basis of data from common explosives. The off-line LC-MS approach has been applied to the analysis of slmple residues from test explosions under controlled conditions to simulate an actual bombing.

Environmental Fate Studies of HMX Screening Studies. Phase 1

“…The production and manufacture of octahydro-1,3,5,7-cetranitro- Vouros et al (1977) used chemical-ionization mass spectrometry in conjunction with an HPLC separation and collection system for the positive identification of HIUX. They used NH 3 as the reagent gas for the ionization of HMX--rather than methane, water, hydrogen, or isobutane---because of the formation of the molecular ion at 314 m/e with NH.…”

Ion spectrometric detection technologies for ultra‐traces of explosives: A review

“…To overcome these problems, softer chemical ionization (CI) was used. Generally, various (Burrows, 1994) deuterated reagent gases for RDX, (Zitrin, 1982) hydrogen and deuterium (Gillis, Lacey, & Shannon, 1974), water (Yinon, 1974), isobutene (Yinon, 1980), and ammonia (Vouros et al, 1977) for various explosives have been investigated. Pyrolysis APCI has been used to analyze HMX and RDX (Snyder et al, 1989(Snyder et al, , 1990(Snyder et al, , 1991.…”

Unimolecular decompositions of even‐electron ions

“…R is commonly H but can be another functionality; Y can be H, but is usually a more complex group. A,, signifies that the atoms originally holding R and Y can be connected in a variety of ways, such as by a chain of atoms or by a single or double bond [Eqn (12) (33)] should involve a tighter activated complex than the more direct pathway depicted by Eqns (11 and 23), increasing the probability of the latter for decompositions of higher energy ions. However, Eqn (11 or 23) (which could involve a reverse activation energy) should also not be competitive with the looser-complex direct cleavage reaction [Eqns (6 or 20)] unless the proton affinity relationship pointed out by Williams'' is favorable.…”