Analysis of ENOD40 expression in alb1, a symbiotic mutant of Lotus japonicus that forms empty nodules with incompletely developed nodule vascular bundles

Imaizumi-Anraku, Haruko; Kouchi, Hiroshi; Syōno, Kunihiko; Akao, Shoichiro; Kawaguchi, Masayoshi

doi:10.1007/s004380000330

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…These nodules also lacked bacteria (Stacey et al, 1991). The L. japonicus aberrant localization of bacteria inside nodule1 mutant appears to develop central vasculature in uncolonized nodules, which may suggest this phenomenon is widespread in legumes (Imaizumi-Anraku et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussion Nodule Infection Is Required For Normal Vascular mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizobial Infection Is Associated with the Development of Peripheral Vasculature in Nodules ofMedicago truncatula

et al. 2013

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Nodulation in legumes involves the coordination of epidermal infection by rhizobia with cell divisions in the underlying cortex. During nodulation, rhizobia are entrapped within curled root hairs to form an infection pocket. Transcellular tubes called infection threads then develop from the pocket and become colonized by rhizobia. The infection thread grows toward the developing nodule primordia and rhizobia are taken up into the nodule cells, where they eventually fix nitrogen. The epidermal and cortical developmental programs are synchronized by a yet-to-be-identified signal that is transmitted from the outer to the inner cell layers of the root. Using a new allele of the Medicago truncatula mutant Lumpy Infections, lin-4, which forms normal infection pockets but cannot initiate infection threads, we show that infection thread initiation is required for normal nodule development. lin-4 forms nodules with centrally located vascular bundles similar to that found in lateral roots rather than the peripheral vasculature characteristic of legume nodules. The same phenomenon was observed in M. truncatula plants inoculated with the Sinorhizobium meliloti exoY mutant, and the M. truncatula vapyrin-2 mutant, all cases where infections arrest. Nodules on lin-4 have reduced expression of the nodule meristem marker MtCRE1 and do not express root-tip markers. In addition, these mutant nodules have altered patterns of gene expression for the cytokinin and auxin markers CRE1 and DR5. Our work highlights the coordinating role that bacterial infection exerts on the developing nodule and allows us to draw comparisons with primitive actinorhizal nodules and rhizobia-induced nodules on the nonlegume Parasponia andersonii.

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Section: Discussion Nodule Infection Is Required For Normal Vascular mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizobial Infection Is Associated with the Development of Peripheral Vasculature in Nodules ofMedicago truncatula

et al. 2013

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“…trichome, seed pod, and root hair development) and exhibits abnormal nodulation because of an arrested infection thread in the epidermis [33]. The aberrant localization of bacteria inside the nodule (alb1) mutant (Ljsym74) is characterized by ineffective nodules that have enlarged infection threads full of bacteria and incomplete vascular bundles [34]. This phenotype suggests that the ALB1 gene is involved in infection thread development, in the release of the bacteria from the infection thread and in the differentiation of vascular bundles in nodules [34].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and functional genomics of legume nodulation

Stacey

Libault

Brechenmacher

et al. 2006

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

250

138

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Gram-negative soil bacteria (rhizobia) within the Rhizobiaceae phylogenetic family (a-proteobacteria) have the unique ability to infect and establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis on the roots of leguminous plants. This symbiosis is of agronomic importance, reducing the need for nitrogen fertilizer for agriculturally important plants (e.g. soybean and alfalfa). The establishment of the symbiosis involves a complex interplay between host and symbiont, resulting in the formation of a novel organ, the nodule, which the bacteria colonize as intracellular symbionts. This review focuses on the most recent discoveries relating to how this symbiosis is established. Two general developments have contributed to the recent explosion of research progress in this area: first, the adoption of two genetic model legumes, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, and second, the application of modern methods in functional genomics (e.g. transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses). IntroductionNodulation is a highly host-specific interaction in which, with few exceptions, specific rhizobial strains infect a limited range of plant hosts. Plants secrete (iso)flavonoids that are recognized by the compatible bacteria, resulting in the induction of nodulation genes. These nodulation genes encode enzymes that synthesize a specific lipochitin nodulation signal (Nod signal), which activates many of the early events in the root hair infection process [1][2][3][4][5]. During the infection process, the bacteria enter the plant via the root epidermis and induce the reprogramming of root cortical cell development and the formation of a nodule. In the most well-studied cases, infection occurs through root hairs. The first observable event in the infection process is the curling of the root hair, which likely occurs through the gradual and constant reorientation of the direction of root hair growth. The bacteria become enclosed within the root hair curl where the plant cell wall is degraded, the cell membrane is invaginated and an intracellular tubular structure (i.e. the infection thread) is initiated. It is within this infection thread that the bacteria enter the root hair cell and eventually ramify into the root cortex. Before the infection thread reaches the base of the root hair cell, the root cortical cells are induced to de-differentiate, activating their cell cycle and causing them to divide to form the nodule primordium. In addition to the cortical cells, pericycle cells are also activated and undergo some cell divisions. When the infection thread reaches the cells of the developing primordium, the bacteria are released into cells via endocytosis. Inside a plant cell, the bacteria are enclosed in vacuole-like structures (symbiosomes) in which they differentiate into bacteroids. It is within these symbiosomes that the bacteria convert N 2 to NH 3 . The nodule is a true organ in which there is cellular specialization. For example, in addition to infected plant cells, uninfected plant cells also carry out the function of nitrogen as...

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“…No abnormality of vasculature is observed elsewhere in the plant (Imaizumi-Anraku et al 2000). ENOD40 expression in alb1 mutants was compared with that seen in WT over a developmental time-frame (Imaizumi- Anraku et al 2000). Although the idea is controversial, ENOD40 is thought to function as a short open-reading frame mRNA (Campalans et al 2004).…”

Section: Mutants Forming Desmodioid Nodulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The alb1-1 (Ljsym74-1) (for aberrant localization of bacteria inside the nodule) mutant forms two types of nodules (Imaizumi-Anraku et al 2000;Kawaguchi et al 2002). Type I nodules are simply small bumps on the roots, whereas type II nodules are more developed and irregularlyshaped.…”

Section: Mutants Forming Desmodioid Nodulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Getting around the legume nodule: II. Molecular biology of its peripheral zone and approaches to study its vasculature

Guinel

2009

Botany

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All legume nodules exhibit a complex cortex composed of many types of cells and tissues. This zone, which surrounds the central infected zone, plays a critical role in regulating the exchange of oxygen between the rhizosphere and the bacteroids. Not often mentioned, but of importance, are the vascular traces that develop in the nodule inner cortex. Information on their ontogeny is scarce, although their existence is critical to the symbiosis because both the nitrogenous compounds formed as a result of nitrogenase activity and the energy-rich molecules obtained from plant photosynthesis use these conduits. Here, I focus on these tissues, reviewing what we know of their appearance in pseudonodules, borontreated legumes, and in the vasculature mutants described to date. I also examine the genes known to be expressed in the peripheral tissues and attempt to place them in functional clusters. Finally, I propose that specific vasculature markers known from the Arabidopsis literature be applied to the study of the development of nodule vascular tissues. It is of interest that most of these markers are linked to specific growth regulators, especially auxins and cytokinins but to a lesser extent gibberellins and brassinosteroids.Résumé : Toutes les nodosités se développant sur les racines de légumineuses ont un cortex composé de nombreux tissus. Cette zone, qui entoure la zone centrale infectée par les bactéries, joue un rôle essentiel dans la régulation de l'oxygène échangé entre la rhizosphère et les bactéroïdes. De plus, elle est importante, car dans sa partie interne on y trouve les traces vasculaires responsables du transport des composés azotés produits par l'activité de la nitrogénase et de celui des molécules riches en énergie résultant de la photosynthèse. Bien que ces tissus conducteurs soient indispensables au fonctionnement du nodule, on ne sait que peu de choses sur leur ontogénie. Dans cette synthèse, l'intérêt est porté sur ces tissus; je rends compte de ce que l'on connaît sur leur apparence dans les pseudo-nodosités, dans les nodules qui se forment chez les légumineuses traitées avec du bore, et dans ceux se développant chez les mutants de légumineuses exhibant des défauts dans leurs tissus vasculaires. De plus, j'ai groupé par clusters fonctionnels les gènes connus pour s'exprimer dans les tissus périphériques de la nodosité. Enfin, je propose que l'usage de gènes marqueurs spécifiques pour les tissus conducteurs chez Arabidopsis soi étendu à l'étude du développement des tissus vasculaires du nodule. Il est intéressant de noter que la plupart des marqueurs mentionnés dans cette synthèse soient liés à des régulateurs de croissance, tels que l'auxine et la cytokinine mais aussi la gibbérelline et la brassinostéroïde.Mots-clés : bore, mutant affecté dans leur nodulation, nodule de type desmodioïde, nodule de type indéterminé, nodule spontané, régulateur de croissance, tissus vasculaires.

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Analysis of ENOD40 expression in alb1, a symbiotic mutant of Lotus japonicus that forms empty nodules with incompletely developed nodule vascular bundles

Cited by 36 publications

References 20 publications

Rhizobial Infection Is Associated with the Development of Peripheral Vasculature in Nodules ofMedicago truncatula

Rhizobial Infection Is Associated with the Development of Peripheral Vasculature in Nodules ofMedicago truncatula

Genetics and functional genomics of legume nodulation

Getting around the legume nodule: II. Molecular biology of its peripheral zone and approaches to study its vasculature

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