Analysis of EMG measurements during bicycle pedalling

Jorge, Milagros; Hull, M.L.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(86)90192-2

Cited by 170 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similarly, most muscles displayed unique systematic phase shifts of muscle excitation relative to the pedal cycle (Fig. 5) that were cadence and workload dependent, explaining differences previously found for the timing of EMG for different muscles, cadences, and workloads (Jorge and Hull 1986;Sarre and Lepers 2007). Differences in phase shifts between muscles that share similar functions, such as ST and BF (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…First, the relative excitation of each muscle is both workload Wakeling 2012, 2013;Ericson 1986;Ericson et al 1985;Hug et al 2004;Jorge and Hull 1986;Sarre et al 2003;Wakeling et al 2010;Wakeling and Horn 2009) and cadence dependent, with many discrepancies in the collective research (Ericson 1986;Ericson et al 1985;Lucia et al 2004;Neptune et al 1997;Sarre et al 2003;Lepers 2005, 2007;Takaishi et al 1996Takaishi et al , 1998Wakeling et al 2006;Wakeling and Horn 2009). Evidence suggests that individual muscles exhibit workloaddependent relationships between muscle excitation and cadence (MacIntosh et al 2000), which may explain the discrepancies as a wide range of workloads were employed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence suggests that individual muscles exhibit workloaddependent relationships between muscle excitation and cadence (MacIntosh et al 2000), which may explain the discrepancies as a wide range of workloads were employed. The timing of muscle excitation has also been shown to be affected by cadence, with several muscles exhibiting a phase advance and/or larger duty cycle with increasing cadence (Baum and Li 2003;Dorel et al 2012;Marsh and Martin 1995;Neptune et al 1997;Samozino et al 2007;Lepers 2005, 2007;Wakeling and Horn 2009), and both influenced (Sarre and Lepers 2007) and not influenced (Jorge and Hull 1986) by workload, but relatively little research has been completed in this area.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Muscle coordination limits efficiency and power output of human limb movement under a wide range of mechanical demands

Blake

Wakeling

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Blake OM, Wakeling JM. Muscle coordination limits efficiency and power output of human limb movement under a wide range of mechanical demands. J Neurophysiol 114: 3283-3295, 2015. First published October 7, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00765.2015.-This study investigated the influence of cycle frequency and workload on muscle coordination and the ensuing relationship with mechanical efficiency and power output of human limb movement. Eleven trained cyclists completed an array of cycle frequency (cadence)-power output conditions while excitation from 10 leg muscles and power output were recorded. Mechanical efficiency was maximized at increasing cadences for increasing power outputs and corresponded to muscle coordination and muscle fiber type recruitment that minimized both the total muscle excitation across all muscles and the ineffective pedal forces. Also, maximum efficiency was characterized by muscle coordination at the top and bottom of the pedal cycle and progressive excitation through the uniarticulate knee, hip, and ankle muscles. Inefficiencies were characterized by excessive excitation of biarticulate muscles and larger duty cycles. Power output and efficiency were limited by the duration of muscle excitation beyond a critical cadence (120 -140 rpm), with larger duty cycles and disproportionate increases in muscle excitation suggesting deteriorating muscle coordination and limitations of the activation-deactivation capabilities. Most muscles displayed systematic phase shifts of the muscle excitation relative to the pedal cycle that were dependent on cadence and, to a lesser extent, power output. Phase shifts were different for each muscle, thereby altering their mechanical contribution to the pedaling action. This study shows that muscle coordination is a key determinant of mechanical efficiency and power output of limb movement across a wide range of mechanical demands and that the excitation and coordination of the muscles is limited at very high cycle frequencies. electromyography; excitation; power output; cadence; cycling; motor control HUMAN LIMB MOVEMENT IS ACHIEVED through interactions between the neuromuscular and skeletal systems. Movement performance is commonly measured by the resultant mechanical efficiency (ratio of mechanical power output to metabolic power) and power output, both of which are significantly influenced by the coordinated excitation of individual muscles and the coordination of that excitation between muscles Dorel et al. 2012;Samozino et al. 2007;Wakeling et al. 2010). Therefore, investigating movement performance requires a comprehensive understanding of how the individual muscle excitations and the coordination between muscles (muscle coordination) change in response to the demands.Mechanical demands such as workload and movement velocity can be uncoupled during cycling (Wakeling et al. 2006;Wakeling and Horn 2009), making it an appropriate model to investigate the effects of mechanical demands on individual muscle excitation and muscle coordination and the resultant performan...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Muscle coordination limits efficiency and power output of human limb movement under a wide range of mechanical demands

Blake

Wakeling

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…3D kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle were collected using a seven-camera Vicon 370 motion analysis system (Vicon Motion Systems, Lake Forest, CA) using a standard marker set [21]. A cut-out was made in the seat back to visualize the sacral marker.…”

Section: Kinematic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface EMG data were collected from eight muscles [16] (gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medial hamstrings, biceps femoris, anterior tibialis, lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus) [21][22][23]. EMG data were used only to determine timing and cocontraction.…”

Section: Electromyographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of recumbent cycling in adolescents with cerebral palsy with and without the use of a fixed shank guide

2008

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New stationary cycles can decrease motion in the frontal and transverse planes with a shank guide. However, there are no studies comparing cycling with and without this guide. The purpose of this study was to compare cycling with and without a shank guide for adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Three males and seven females (15.6 ± 1.8 years) with CP, classified as levels III and IV with the Gross Motor Functional Classification System, underwent biomechanical analysis of stationary recumbent cycling with and without a shank guide at 30 and 60 rpm if able. Data collected included three-dimensional lower extremity joint kinematics using motion analysis, surface electromyography of eight lower extremity muscles, cocontraction of six agonist/ antagonist pairings, efficiency (power output divided by oxygen consumption), and perceived exertion (OMNI Scale of Perceived Exertion). Non-circular data were analyzed via ANOVAs, and circular data were analyzed using circular t-tests. The shank guide altered joint kinematics in all three planes (p < 0.008), had a minor impact on muscle activity (p < 0.006), and had no impact on cocontraction (p > 0.008), efficiency (p = 0.920), or perceived exertion (p = 0.318). The results suggest that a shank guide during cycling may be beneficial for individuals with CP to decrease the amount of hip and knee frontal and transverse plane motion. Knee movement in these planes has been associated with pain in healthy adults; therefore the guide may help to prevent long-term complications from cycling for adolescents with CP.

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Correlation between Cycling Power and Muscle Thickness in Cyclists

Lee

et al. 2018

Clinical Anatomy

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The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between muscle thickness (MT) and cycling power in varsity cyclists using ultrasonography (US) and to identify any differences in MT between short- and long-distance cyclists. Twelve cyclists participated in this study. Real-time two-dimensional B-mode US was used to measure the MT in the anterior thigh, anterior lower leg, and trunk, especially in the abdominal and lumbar regions. A cycle ergometer was used to measure cycling power parameters such as maximum anaerobic power (over 5 s), mean anaerobic power (over 30 s), and aerobic power (over 3 min). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Korea National Sports University. There was a significant relationship between the MT and cycling power for the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) in the thigh, the rectus abdominis (RA) in the abdominal region, and the erector spinae (ES) in the lower back. The MT values of the RF, VL, and ES were strongly associated with the maximum and mean anaerobic power. There were significant differences between short- and long-distance cyclists in the MT of the RF in the thigh, the RA, the external abdominal oblique, the internal abdominal oblique, and the transverse abdominis muscle in the abdomen. We suggest that training programs attempting to improve cycling performance focus on improving the VL and ES via resistance weight or cycle training and also the core muscles for short-distance cyclists. Clin. Anat. 31:899-906, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Analysis of EMG measurements during bicycle pedalling

Cited by 170 publications

References 8 publications

Muscle coordination limits efficiency and power output of human limb movement under a wide range of mechanical demands

Muscle coordination limits efficiency and power output of human limb movement under a wide range of mechanical demands

Biomechanics of recumbent cycling in adolescents with cerebral palsy with and without the use of a fixed shank guide

Correlation between Cycling Power and Muscle Thickness in Cyclists

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