Analysis of element accumulation in cell wall attached and intracellular particles of snow algae by EELS and ESI

Lütz‐Meindl, Ursula

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2005.11.004

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…At the same time, ENPs could also sequester nutrients on their surfaces and thus serve as a nutrient stock to the organisms, especially those ENPs having high specific surface area (Table 1). Algae living in extreme habitats (the liquid water between snow crystals) show the capacity to accumulate mineral particles on their cell walls (Luetz-Meindl and Luetz 2006). These mineral particles have been hypothesized to be important for the survival of these algae living in low-nutrient habitats.…”

Section: Positive Effects Of Enps On Algae Plants and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi

et al. 2008

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Developments in nanotechnology are leading to a rapid proliferation of new materials that are likely to become a source of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) to the environment, where their possible ecotoxicological impacts remain unknown. The surface properties of ENPs are of essential importance for their aggregation behavior, and thus for their mobility in aquatic and terrestrial systems and for their interactions with algae, plants and, fungi. Interactions of ENPs with natural organic matter have to be considered as well, as those will alter the ENPs aggregation behavior in surface waters or in soils. Cells of plants, algae, and fungi possess cell walls that constitute a primary site for interaction and a barrier for the entrance of ENPs. Mechanisms allowing ENPs to pass through cell walls and membranes are as yet poorly understood. Inside cells, ENPs might directly provoke alterations of membranes and other cell structures and molecules, as well as protective mechanisms. Indirect effects of ENPs depend on their chemical and physical properties and may include physical restraints (clogging effects), solubilization of toxic ENP compounds, or production of reactive oxygen species. Many questions regarding the bioavailability of ENPs, their uptake by algae, plants, and fungi and the toxicity mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

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Section: Positive Effects Of Enps On Algae Plants and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi

et al. 2008

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“…Snow algae taxa have been described in a plethora of polar and alpine settings (e.g., Svalbard, 23–27 Greenland, 4 Alaska, 28 Iceland, 29 the European Alps, 30 the Himalayans, 31 the Rocky Mountains, 32 the Atlas Mountains 33 and Antarctica 34 ), suggesting a cosmopolitan occurrence for these organisms. The first descriptions of snow algal taxonomy, ecology and physiology were based on classical microscopy observations by Kol 35 and Ettl 36 and later by Hoham et al 37 and Komárek and Nedbalová.…”

Section: Algae In Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets

Anesio

Lutz

Chrismas

et al. 2017

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

216

194

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Glaciers and ice sheets, like other biomes, occupy a significant area of the planet and harbour biological communities with distinct interactions and feedbacks with their physical and chemical environment. In the case of the glacial biome, the biological processes are dominated almost exclusively by microbial communities. Habitats on glaciers and ice sheets with enough liquid water to sustain microbial activity include snow, surface ice, cryoconite holes, englacial systems and the interface between ice and overridden rock/soil. There is a remarkable similarity between the different specific glacial habitats across glaciers and ice sheets worldwide, particularly regarding their main primary producers and ecosystem engineers. At the surface, cyanobacteria dominate the carbon production in aquatic/sediment systems such as cryoconite holes, while eukaryotic Zygnematales and Chlamydomonadales dominate ice surfaces and snow dynamics, respectively. Microbially driven chemolithotrophic processes associated with sulphur and iron cycle and C transformations in subglacial ecosystems provide the basis for chemical transformations at the rock interface under the ice that underpin an important mechanism for the delivery of nutrients to downstream ecosystems. In this review, we focus on the main ecosystem engineers of glaciers and ice sheets and how they interact with their chemical and physical environment. We then discuss the implications of this microbial activity on the icy microbiome to the biogeochemistry of downstream ecosystems.

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“…Physical factors (slope of snow field, wind, and melting water rivulets) might explain this distribution, as shown in the net ecosystem production of heterotrophic and phototrophic microbes on a Greenland ice sheet that positively correlated with the slope (Stibal et al, 2012). Equally, still little is known about nutrient regimes in algal communities that possibly underlie the occurrence and distribution of red snow (e.g., Newton, 1982; Lütz-Meindl and Lütz, 2006). The involvement of nutrient availability was suggested (Jones et al, 2001), especially because snow algal fields have been found predominantly near bird colonies (Müller et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental and fatty acid composition of snow algae in Arctic habitats

Spijkerman¹,

Wacker²,

Weithoff³

et al. 2012

Front. Microbio.

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Red, orange or green snow is the macroscopic phenomenon comprising different eukaryotic algae. Little is known about the ecology and nutrient regimes in these algal communities. Therefore, eight snow algal communities from five intensively tinted snow fields in western Spitsbergen were analysed for nutrient concentrations and fatty acid (FA) composition. To evaluate the importance of a shift from green to red forms on the FA-variability of the field samples, four snow algal strains were grown under nitrogen replete and moderate light (+N+ML) or N-limited and high light (−N+HL) conditions. All eight field algal communities were dominated by red and orange cysts. Dissolved nutrient concentration of the snow revealed a broad range of NH+4 (<0.005–1.2 mg N l−1) and only low PO3−4 (<18 μg P l−1) levels. The external nutrient concentration did not reflect cellular nutrient ratios as C:N and C:P ratios of the communities were highest at locations containing relatively high concentrations of NH+4 and PO3−4. Molar N:P ratios ranged from 11 to 21 and did not suggest clear limitation of a single nutrient. On a per carbon basis, we found a 6-fold difference in total FA content between the eight snow algal communities, ranging from 50 to 300 mg FA g C−1. In multivariate analyses total FA content opposed the cellular N:C quota and a large part of the FA variability among field locations originated from the abundant FAs C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, and C18:3n-3. Both field samples and snow algal strains grown under −N+HL conditions had high concentrations of C18:1n-9. FAs possibly accumulated due to the cessation of growth. Differences in color and nutritional composition between patches of snow algal communities within one snow field were not directly related to nutrient conditions. We propose that the highly patchy distribution of snow algae within and between snow fields may also result from differences in topographical and geological parameters such as slope, melting water rivulets, and rock formation.

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Analysis of element accumulation in cell wall attached and intracellular particles of snow algae by EELS and ESI

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi

Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi

The microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets

Elemental and fatty acid composition of snow algae in Arctic habitats

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