Analysis of Electricity and Natural Gas Security. A Case Study for Germany, France, Italy and Spain

Krikštolaitis, Ričardas; Bianco, Vincenzo; Martišauskas, Linas; Urbonienė, Sigita

doi:10.3390/en15031000

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Unlike the English network, many "nucléaire" appeared in the French network, which was related to the current situation of French nuclear power plants. Studies have shown that France has many nuclear power plants to make it resilient in energy security (Krikštolaitis et al, 2022). However, as half of the nuclear power plants are approaching the end of their design life, the energy problem in France is becoming increasingly prominent.…”

Section: Sentiment Comparison Of English and French Tweetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon neutrality vs. neutralité carbone: A comparative study on French and English users’ perceptions and social capital on Twitter

Yao

Song³

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Carbon neutrality is one of the most critical global concerns at present. As one of the largest social media, Twitter is used widely by individuals, organisations, and government agencies to share their comments and perceptions on carbon neutrality. This study collected 26425 English and 20331 French tweets to compare the differences between French and English tweets. Social network analysis found that users in the French social networks interacted more frequently than the English ones. The geodesic analysis evidenced that the connection of any two users required about five intermediate users on average in French networks, while English ones required seven intermediate users. The modularity metrics of the English network were higher, indicating that users in English networks did not communicate with different clusters and people in carbon neutrality issues. In addition, the French network of carbon neutrality activists comprised politicians, government agencies, journalists, NGOs, and companies, while those in the English network mainly included companies, media, and politicians. Sentiment analysis and independent samples t-test have confirmed that despite the types of activists and the interactions between clusters being different, negative Tweets were more than positive ones in English and French networks, especially in French networks. It may be caused by people’s dissatisfaction with the government’s current carbon neutrality policy. By analysing the social pattern on Twitter, the research results allow people to know more about the means to enhance carbon-neutral knowledge sharing, which has the policy and social significance for addressing climate change.

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Section: Sentiment Comparison Of English and French Tweetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon neutrality vs. neutralité carbone: A comparative study on French and English users’ perceptions and social capital on Twitter

Yao

Song³

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…This explains the European Commission's growing concern to increase the energy security of the EU. Many studies show that this security varies throughout the EU [21,22]. For example, countries in the western European region (e.g., Germany and France) have higher energy security than southern Europe (e.g., Italy and Spain), primarily due to the more developed infrastructure and a richer energy mix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Renewable Energy in View of Energy Security—The Study of the Photovoltaic Market in Poland

Starzyńska,

Kuna-Marszałek

2023

Energies

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In recent years, the issue of energy security has been the subject of many studies, debates, and discussions. Undoubtedly, geopolitical crises in Eastern Europe and the actions of the EU as part of the continuous development of the EU’s climate and energy policy have contributed to the advancement of discussions in this area. Due to the growing role and importance of energy in the economic systems of individual countries, the need to guarantee energy security is commencing to be regarded as an element of the economic security of the state and therefore, national security. The legal solutions adopted in Poland in recent years and the launch of government support programs for the development of micro-installations and prosumer energy have led to the rapid development of this sector. The aim of this article is therefore to assess the conditions of renewable energy sources development in Poland on the example of photovoltaics in the line of energy security concept. The empirical results emphasize that the development of photovoltaic is so dynamic for several reasons, primarily due to lower technological costs, stakeholder cooperation, confidence in the regulatory environment, as well as the high interest of the Polish public in this issue.

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“…The latest literature on energy security and natural gas is rich and covers a variety of issues. For example, index approach to energy security is presented in [31], where the evaluation of an index called "Energy Security Level", measuring the overall energy security, is performed. The index assessing energy security is also covered in [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Bayesian Networks in Modeling of Underground Gas Storage Energy Security

2022

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Energy security is a multidimensional and multifaceted concept, therefore defining it is a complex problem. It requires the consideration of a wide set of factors from the fields of economics, geology, ecology and geopolitics, all of which have an influence on energy security or the lack thereof. The article focuses on natural gas, which is a very specific fuel in the European context. It is the most “politicized” source of energy, as a consequence of its growing importance as a transition fuel in the energy transformation process. In order to identify dependencies between variables on the gas market and analyze their impact on it (in particular on underground storage), the authors chose a set of variables and built a Bayesian network. The network is an effective and flexible tool that allows analysis of the relationships between the variables that build them and model their values based on evidence. The article presents two stages of work with the Bayesian network. In the first one, a network was built based on historical data. It shows the relationships between the variables as well as the probability of the value ranges of individual variables. A huge advantage of the presented Bayesian network is that it can be used to model various scenarios on the gas market. Moreover, the ability to make statistical inferences for all its nodes represents a valuable additional feature. Several examples of such inferences are presented in the second stage of the analysis, examining the impact of consumption variability on the level of inventory in underground gas storage facilities, the impact of having an LNG terminal and the share of natural gas in electricity production on the storage capacity of a given country. The use of tools such as Bayesian networks allows us to better discover the interrelationships between variables influencing the energy market, analyze them, and estimate the impact on energy security of distinct scenarios described with specific metrics. A simple example of such a metric, i.e., the minimum level of gas storage at the end of the winter season, as well as its analysis and modeling using a relatively simple Bayesian network, is presented in this article.

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Analysis of Electricity and Natural Gas Security. A Case Study for Germany, France, Italy and Spain

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Carbon neutrality vs. neutralité carbone: A comparative study on French and English users’ perceptions and social capital on Twitter

Carbon neutrality vs. neutralité carbone: A comparative study on French and English users’ perceptions and social capital on Twitter

Development of Renewable Energy in View of Energy Security—The Study of the Photovoltaic Market in Poland

Application of Bayesian Networks in Modeling of Underground Gas Storage Energy Security

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