Analysis of Effects of Aroma Foot Care Using Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Eto, Kojiro; Yamazaki, Atsuko; Mukuda, Minoru; Kabasawa, Yasuo; Hiroko, Yoshida; Ito, Kiyomi; Ogiwara, Michie

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.08.237

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…1. In a previous study by Eto and Yamazaki et al 8 , the massage time was 60 seconds to focus on its effect; in our study, the time was 180 seconds. Nothing is done in Rest 1 (rest) (20 seconds), and Task 1 is just touching the subject's foot (60 seconds).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 70%

A Preliminary Examination of Effect of Massage and Aroma Oil Massage in Foot Care Nursing

Eto

Yamazaki

Yonekura

et al. 2015

Procedia Computer Science

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Foot care nursing is attracting attention as a medically effective treatment for the foot lesions caused by such problems as diabetes or aging. In this study, we experimentally examined how aromatherapy affects human brain functions during foot care nursing using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). 11 subjects received both foot care nursing massages and aroma oil massages. We analyzed the changes in their oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations based on their brain activity by t-tests, and the t-test results showed significant differences between two kinds of massages in both the somatosensory and prefrontal association areas. The oxy-Hb concentration in both massages with and without aroma oil also showed a tendency to decrease with time. Our questionnaire results showed that our subjects felt more comfortable and relaxed while receiving foot care nursing with aroma oils. These results suggest that aroma oil massages are an effective foot care nursing tool and that foot care nursing is a medically effective treatment.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 70%

A Preliminary Examination of Effect of Massage and Aroma Oil Massage in Foot Care Nursing

Eto

Yamazaki

Yonekura

et al. 2015

Procedia Computer Science

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“…Overall, there was a preference for passive inhalation paradigms, with few studies implementing real-world designs. Of the real-world type studies found, two studies utilized the relaxing effects of essential oil aroma in a foot-care paradigm and one during a massage (Eto et al, 2014(Eto et al, , 2015(Eto et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… (a) Shows an example of a typical increase in HbO2 concentration (blue line) in response to odour, (b) a typical infant response to odour, (c) and (d) show a typical decrease in HbO2 in response to odour. Figures adapted from: (a) Harada et al ( 2006 ), (b) Frie et al ( 2017 ), (c) Song et al ( 2019 ), and (d) Eto et al ( 2014 ). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[HHb] (Fladby et al, 2004;Saito-Iizumi et al, 2013) and increased [HbO2] with no change in [HHb] (Invitto et al, 2019). Three other studies reported findings for all three parameters, finding increased [HbO2], [HbT], and decreased [HHb] (Hasegawa et al, 2013;Eto et al, 2014) and no significant effect of fragrance for all parameters (Moss et al, 2018). The vast majority of studies reported and analyzed…”

Section: Healthy Population Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essential oils have been found to have significant effects on brain activity, as well as behavior and mood, however, only a few studies utilized essential oils with fNIRS. Three studies utilized a blend of Lavendula angustifolia, tea tree, Ravensara, Palmarosa, and chamomile essential oils (Eto et al, 2014(Eto et al, , 2015(Eto et al, , 2016. Three studies utilized the essential oils of native trees and plants in the regions, such as in Japan with the use of cypress tree and Yomogi essential oil in studies relating to the effect of Cypress oil on forest related visual stimuli (Ikei et al, 2015;Song et al, 2019) the interaction between colored light and odor (Yamashita et al, 2022) and the stress relieving effects of Yomogi oil (Kunihiro et al, 2017).…”

Section: Odor Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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fNIRS neuroimaging in olfactory research: A systematic literature review

Gunasekara

Gaeta²,

Levy³

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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There are a number of key features which make olfaction difficult to study; subjective processes of odor detection, discrimination and identification, and individualistic odor hedonic perception and associated odor memories. In this systematic review we explore the role functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has played in understanding olfactory perception in humans. fNIRS is an optical neuroimaging technique able to measure changes in brain hemodynamics and oxygenation related to neural electrical activity. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, results of this search found that generally the majority of studies involving healthy adult subjects observed increased activity in response to odors. Other population types were also observed, such as infants, individuals with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dysosmia. fNIRS coverage heavily favored the prefrontal cortex, temporal and parietal regions. This review finds that odor induced cortical activation is dependent on multiple factors, such as odorant type, gender and population type. This review also finds that there is room for improvement in areas such as participant diversity, use of wearable fNIRS systems, physiological monitoring and multi-distance channels.

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