Analysis of Drying of Brewers’ Spent Grain

Arranz, J.I.; Miranda, Marı́a Isabel; Sepúlveda, Francisco José; Montero, I.; Rojas, C.V.

doi:10.3390/proceedings2231467

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…The use of an indirect method is tempting, especially that it does not require to check the mass of the whole batch after HTC, which could be especially cumbersome and impractical for future industrial-scale installations. However, more research is needed to confirm the suitability of this method for assessment of the productivity of the HTC process in general, as well as specifically for its use for the spent grain.Drying of BSG was investigated by Arranz et al [50]. The study showed that significant drying time, exceeding 100 min is required to remove 80% of the original moisture [50].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, more research is needed to confirm the suitability of this method for assessment of the productivity of the HTC process in general, as well as specifically for its use for the spent grain.Drying of BSG was investigated by Arranz et al [50]. The study showed that significant drying time, exceeding 100 min is required to remove 80% of the original moisture [50]. Obtained effective diffusities were significantly lower than those reported for olive pomace, making BSG a much more challenging material in terms of its drying [50].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The study showed that significant drying time, exceeding 100 min is required to remove 80% of the original moisture [50]. Obtained effective diffusities were significantly lower than those reported for olive pomace, making BSG a much more challenging material in terms of its drying [50]. Dudek et al [51] investigated use of BSG as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion (AD), as well as using BSG torrefaction as a mean to produce an AD additive [51].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Drying of BSG was investigated by Arranz et al [50]. The study showed that significant drying time, exceeding 100 min is required to remove 80% of the original moisture [50].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues

et al. 2020

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Steady consumption of beer results in a steady output of residues, i.e., brewer's spent grain (BSG). Its valorization, using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) seems sensible. However, a significant knowledge gap regarding the variability of this residue and its influence on the valorization process and its potential use in biorefineries exists. This study attempted to fill this gap by characterization of BSG in conjunction with the main product (beer), taking into accounts details of the brewing process. Moreover, different methods to assess the performance of HTC were investigated. Overall, the differences in terms of the fuel properties of both types of spent grain were much less stark, in comparison to the differences between the respective beers. The use of HTC as a pretreatment of BSG for subsequent use as a biorefinery feedstock can be considered beneficial. HTC was helpful in uniformization and improvement of the fuel properties. A significant decrease in the oxygen content and O/C ratio and improved grindability was achieved. The Weber method proved to be feasible for HTC productivity assessment for commercial installations, giving satisfactory results for most of the cases, contrary to traditional ash tracer method, which resulted in significant overestimations of the mass yield.However, for craft breweries located in big cities, disposal becomes more problematic [3]. There are also attempts to enrich food products with spent grains. Thus far, there have been trials with sausages [4] and bread [5]. However, consumers reported that such products represent a fiber aftertaste [6]. However, this is limited only to the relatively close vicinity of a brewery, due to relatively high moisture content, that could range between 70% up to 78% 70% [7][8][9]. Biological activity of these residues makes long term storage difficult. The literature reports ongoing work on various new ways of using BSG, including extraction of polyphenols [10,11], other anti-oxidants [12,13], functional cardioprotective lipids for pharmaceutic use [14], proteins [15], fodder for edible insects [16], material for disposable trays [17], natural rubber modifier [18], as well as feedstock for production of pigments [19] and biochar, for subsequent use as soil amendment [20] or sustainable material for electrodes [21].The potential use of this residue as a fuel has been suggested by several authors so far [7][8][9]22,23]. The relatively high initial moisture content of spent grain makes hydrothermal valorization techniques the most sensible choice [8,9]. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), also known as wet torrefaction, is a valorization process suitable for a range of low-quality solid biomass, especially with high initial moisture content [24,25]. Process temperature, reported in the literature, usually ranges between 180 • C and 260 • C [25][26][27][28][29][30]. As the process takes place in subcritical water, pressure has to be higher than saturation pressure of water for specific temperature [25][26][27][28][29][30]. In these conditions wa...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drying of BSG was investigated by Arranz et al [50]. The study showed that significant drying time, exceeding 100 min is required to remove 80% of the original moisture [50].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues

et al. 2020

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“…Содержание воды в пивной дробине составляет 75-85%, а сухой остаток содержит порядка 6,6% белковых веществ, 1,7% жира и 9,7% безазотистых экстрактивных веществ [2]. Предложено много путей утилизации пивной дробины: рекультивация нефтезагрязненной черноземной почвы [2][3][4], экспериментально апробированная в полевых условиях на черноземе в Самарской области [3]; использование в качестве ингредиента в исходном сырье для получения жидкофазных биологически активных средств для растениеводства и земледелия [5]; применение в качестве реагента для обработки буровых растворов [6]; в качестве сырья для получения ксилозы и ксилита [7] для производства молочной кислоты, активированного угля и фенольных кислот [8] при химико-термической обработке для получения топлива [9]. В обзоре [10] рассмотрено применение пивной дробины (brewer'sspentgrain (BSG)) в различных производствах.…”

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Determination of the content of free and attached moisture in spent grain

et al. 2020

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Experimental data on the kinetics of drying of raw brewer’s grains from the Maykop brewery for two temperature regimes of 60°C and 55°C are presented. The dry matter content is 12,7%. The drying agent speed is 4,5 m/s. The purpose is to determine the content of free and attached moisture in brewer’s grains obtained as a waste in the production of beer using classical technology. Analysis of the drying curves and drying rate curves has shown that free moisture is removed when the moisture content changes from the initial 687,4% to 360%; with a further decrease in the moisture content, the attached moisture is removed. A moisture content of 360% is assumed to be at the interface between the first and second drying periods. The average free moisture content is 47%, that of the attached one is 53%. A significant amount of the attached moisture indicates insufficient destruction of the cellular structure of the material.

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Brewery spent grain: a potential biosorbent for hexavalent chromium

2021

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Spent grain is a solid waste from the brewery process which is used as feed for ruminants or as organic fertiliser. Due to the large scale generation of spent grain, new technological and industrial applications are being developed. In this work, spent grain was modified by chemical treatments for use in the biosorption of hexavalent chromium. For spent grain treated with acid, alkali, petroleum ether and hydrogen peroxide, the amount of hexavalent chromium removed was respectively 97, 21, 0.9 and 0.5%. The kinetic data of spent grain biosorbent treated with acid, untreated and treated with alkali were applied to pseudo‐first order, pseudo‐second order and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo‐second order model showed the best fit to the kinetic data, indicating chemisorption in the biosorption processes. The effects of pH and biosorbent concentration were analysed for spent grain treated with acid. The optimum values for pH and concentration of the biosorbent were pH 2 and 2 g/L.

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Analysis of Drying of Brewers’ Spent Grain

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues

HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues

Determination of the content of free and attached moisture in spent grain

Brewery spent grain: a potential biosorbent for hexavalent chromium

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