Analysis of domperidone in pharmaceutical formulations and wastewater by differential pulse voltammetry at a glassy-carbon electrode

Abstract

The redox characteristics of the drug domperidone at a glassy-carbon electrode (GCE) in aqueous media were critically investigated by differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer of pH 2.6-10.3, an irreversible and diffusion-controlled oxidation wave was developed. The dependence of the CV response of the developed anodic peak on the sweep rate (nu) and on depolizer concentration was typical of an electrode-coupled chemical reaction mechanism (EC) in which an irreversible first-order reaction is interposed between the charges. The values of the electron-transfer coefficient (alpha) involved in the rate-determining step calculated from the linear plots of E (p,a) against ln (nu) in the pH range investigated were in the range 0.64 +/- 0.05 confirming the irreversible nature of the oxidation peak. In BR buffer of pH 7.6-8.4, a well defined oxidation wave was developed and the plot of peak current height of the DPV against domperidone concentration at this peak potential was linear in the range 5.20 x 10(-6) to 2.40 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) with lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of 6.1 x 10(-7) and 9.1 x 10(-7) mol L(-1), respectively. A relative standard deviation of 2.39% (n = 5) was obtained for 8.5 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) of the drug. These DPV procedures were successfully used for analysis of domperidone in the pure form (98.2 +/- 3.1%), dosage form (98.35 +/- 2.9%), and in tap (97.0 +/- 3.6%) and wastewater (95.0 +/- 2.9%) samples. The method was validated by comparison with standard titrimetric and HPLC methods. Acceptable error of less than 3.3% was also achieved.

Of bromination reaction for the spectrophotometric assay of domperidone in pharmaceuticals

“…Of the non-chromatographic methods, the methods based on voltammetric [4,5] and potentiometric sensor [6] techniques involve rigid pH control. Compared with most of the existing methods for DOM, the present methods are very simple and cost effective.…”

“…Several methods have been reported for the determination of domperidone in pharmaceuticals, including differential pulse voltammetry [4], anodic difference pulse voltammetry [5], potentiometry [6], planar chromatography [7], high-performance liquid chromatography [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and high-performance thin-layer chromatography [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Many of these techniques are deficient in simplicity, cost-effectiveness and easy accessibility.…”

Stripping voltammetric behaviour of toxic drug nitrofurantoin

“…Among various contaminants, the presence of drugs and pharmaceuticals in the water and wastewater is alarming and dangerous as some of them can disturb enzymatic, hormonal and genetic systems of human beings. Many drug residues have been found in water [23,24]. In the present study a voltammetric method has been developed for the analysis of nitrofurantoin.…”

Sensitive and Selective Extraction Free Ion-Pair Complexometric Determination of Domperidone in Pharmaceuticals and in Spiked Human Urine

“…Planar chromatography, 4 high-performance liquid chromatography [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and highperformance thin-layer chromatography [16][17][18][19][20] have been used to assay DOM. The drug has also been assayed by differential pulse voltammetry 21 and anodic difference pulse voltammetry 22 at a glassy carbon electrode in Britton-Robinson buffer. Application of potentiometric sensors 23 for the analysis of DOMcontaining tablets using PVC membrane and carbon paste sensors has also been reported.…”