Analysis of distortion effects in subcarrier-multiplexed (SCM) externally modulated lightwave systems: a generalized approach

Betti, S.; Bravi, E.; Giaconi, M.

doi:10.1109/68.554525

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The optical power-voltage response of an intensity electrooptic modulator; for example integrated LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder modulator can be expressed as [6,7] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Analysis of the Intermodulation Performance of Mach-Zehnder Modulators with Difference Frequency Injection

Abuelma’atti

2007

Int J Infrared Milli Waves

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Large signal analysis of Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulators excited by three tone signals is presented. The special case of two equal-amplitude sinusoids plus a difference-frequency injection is considered in detail. The results show that even under large signal conditions it is possible, at least in theory, to totally eliminate the third-order intermodulation when the amplitudes of the equal-amplitudes input sinusoids and the difference-frequency injection are equal. This would be a promising technique for achieving highly linear Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulators.

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“…The optical power-voltage response of an intensity electrooptic modulator; for example integrated LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder modulator can be expressed as [6,7] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Analysis of the Intermodulation Performance of Mach-Zehnder Modulators with Difference Frequency Injection

Abuelma’atti

2007

Int J Infrared Milli Waves

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“…x = Σx i , x i corresponding to the i th sub-carrier), and b, c define the strengths of 2 nd , 3 rd order intermodulation distortions (IMD 2 , IMD 3 ). These intermodulation distortions result from mixing processes between two (f i =f j ±f k ) or three (f i = f j ±f k ±f l ) frequency components due to the interplay between laser or modulator chirp and chromatic dispersion [4,5], and the nonlinear nature of active devices like Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM), lasers [6,7] and photodiodes.…”

Section: Impairments In Rof Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient BER estimation for Radio-over-Fiber systems

Sil

Louchet

Richter

2007

OFC/NFOEC 2007 - 2007 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference

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“…The scattering field of the microstrip patch antenna with arbitrary load can be obtained using the scattering matrices [4,5]: …”

Section: Analysis Model For Rcs Of Microstrip Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical cause of the appearance of these distortion terms is the combined action of laser chirp and propagation in a dispersive optical channel [3]. This problem has been studied intensely (see, for example, [4]) with reference to systems exploiting external electrooptical modulators. These systems, however, have the drawback of cost related to the use of expensive components such as external modulators.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient characterization of harmonic and intermodulation distortion effects in dispersive radio over fiber systems with direct laser modulation

Tartarini

Faccin²

2005

Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.

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results from the Mie series. But for higher values of , the PMCHWT formulation gives incorrect results, while the present formulation still agrees with the Mie series. For ϭ 10 5 S/m, ͉ r ͉ ϭ 1.8 ϫ 10 11 and the skin depth is about 16 mm. The present formulation still works well, even when is as high as 10 8 S/m and the corresponding skin depth is about 0.5 mm. So the present formulation can work with much higher conductivities than the PMCHWT formulation, due to the effective suppression of the error contribution from the internal conductive region.To explore the generality of the present formulation, a highfrequency case using RWG basis is also calculated and the results are illustrated in Figure 4. The frequency here is 10 MHz. For varying from 1 to 1000 S/m, the present formulation provides overall satisfactory performance, while the PMCHWT formulation gives incorrect results when is higher than 10 S/m.For ϭ 10 4 S/m, the new formulation also fails to give correct results, because the skin depth is too small to be accurate enough for the typical seven-point Gaussian quadrature integration, even when the error has already been suppressed. To increase the integration accuracy, we simply divide each triangular patch into four subpatches and apply the seven-point Gaussian quadrature integration to each subpatch, thus effectively increasing the integration points per patch. Note that here the number of basis functions is not increased. Then the new formulation gives a correct result again, as shown in Figure 4(f). Although using subpatches is not the most efficient way to improve the integration accuracy, we illustrate the fact that the number of basis functions does not have to increase with the internal-region wavenumber.The present formulation performs better in the low-frequency band than in the higher frequencies because, for the same skin depth, ͉ r2 ͉ is larger at lower frequencies and thus the internalregion terms are suppressed by a larger factor. Hence, the accuracy of the internal-region terms will be less important for lower frequencies. CONCLUSIONA new SIE formulation has been obtained by tuning the weighting coefficients of the integral equations for the external and internal regions, respectively. Thus, the integration error over the Green's function for the internal conductive region is suppressed and the present formulation provides satisfactory results in a significantly larger range of skin depths than previous SIE formulations. The present formulation can also work in tandem with techniques that improve the integration accuracy for Green's functions in conductive media in order to further enlarge the solvable range of conductivities. INTRODUCTIONThe analysis of harmonic and intermodulation distortion is of great concern in the design of analog or subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) optical systems. These effects may negatively affect the performance of systems that exploit, for example, wavelength conversion via cross gain modulation (XGM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) [1] or systems tha...

show abstract

Analysis of distortion effects in subcarrier-multiplexed (SCM) externally modulated lightwave systems: a generalized approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Theoretical Analysis of the Intermodulation Performance of Mach-Zehnder Modulators with Difference Frequency Injection

Theoretical Analysis of the Intermodulation Performance of Mach-Zehnder Modulators with Difference Frequency Injection

Efficient BER estimation for Radio-over-Fiber systems

Efficient characterization of harmonic and intermodulation distortion effects in dispersive radio over fiber systems with direct laser modulation

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