Analysis of diagnostic criteria for ventilator-associated pneumonia: a cohort study

Abstract

Objectives: to analyze the diagnostic criteria for ventilator-associated pneumonia recommended by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency and the National Healthcare Safety Network/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as its risk factors. Methods: retrospective cohort study carried out in an intensive care unit throughout 12 months, in 2017. Analyses included chi-square, simple linear regression, and Kappa statistical tests and were conducted using Stata 12 software. Results: the sample was 543 patients who were in the intensive care unit and under mechanical ventilation, of whom 330 (60.9%) were men and 213 (39.1%) were women. Variables such as gender, age, time under mechanical ventilation, and oral hygiene proved to be significant risk factors for the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Conclusions: patients submitted to mechanical ventilation need to be constantly evaluated so the used diagnostic methods can be accurate and applied in an objective and standardized way in Brazilian hospitals.

Probiotics for Infection Prevention in Critically Ill and Trauma Patients: A Concise Review

“…Other existing meta-analyses with probiotics for specific HAIs are not homogenous for a particular species, strain, or outcome in a disease state. Furthermore, specific diagnostic criteria for certain infections are not defined and can vary by hospital or patient disease (Campos et al, 2021; Kalanuria et al, 2014).…”

Factors related to death from ventilator-associated pneumonia in a university hospital: a retrospective study

“…A PAV é definida pela infecção do parênquima pulmonar em pacientes críticos internados nas unidades de cuidados intensivos e expostos à ventilação mecânica invasiva por pelo menos 48 horas (PAPAZIAN, 2020). Os critérios diagnósticos epidemiológicos nacionais são: radiografia de tórax mostrando infiltrado(s) novo(s) ou progressivo(s) sugestivo(s) de pneumonia bacteriana, secreções respiratórias purulentas e outro critério clínico (febre [≥ 38°C] ou hipotermia [≤ 35 °C], glóbulos brancos periféricos ≥ 10.000 células/mm 3 ou leucopenia [≤ 4500 células/mm 3], ou ≥ 15% de neutrófilos imaturos), alteração do nível de consciência, secreção purulenta, dessaturação e cultura positiva da secreção pulmonar (CAMPOS, 2021;FRANÇOIS, 2019;WUNDERINK, 2021). Pode-se classificá-la como PAV precoce ≥ 48h e < 5 dias e PAV tardia ≥ 5 dias (MONTINI, 2020).…”

The Impact of Nursing Education on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention Bundle to Reduce Incidence of Infection: A Quality Improvement Project

“…Endotracheal (ET) intubation is a primary risk factor for developing VAP. The ET tube deprives the patient of the normal mechanism of airway cleaning by suppressing the cough reflex and altering swallowing 1 . Patients must meet specific clinical criteria after at least 48 hours of intubation to be diagnosed with VAP (Table 1).…”

“…Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a consequence of mechanical ventilation for patients in the acute care setting that evidence-based practice measures such as diligent oral care aim to prevent. The development of VAP originates from the inflammatory response of the pulmonary parenchyma to penetration and multiplication of infectious agents, particularly multidrug-resistant microorganisms, resulting in uncontrolled secretions, severe respiratory symptoms, and immunity impairment 1 . Endotracheal (ET) intubation is a primary risk factor for developing VAP.…”

“…The development of VAP originates from the inflammatory response of the pulmonary parenchyma to penetration and multiplication of infectious agents, particularly multidrug-resistant microorganisms, resulting in uncontrolled secretions, severe respiratory symptoms, and immunity impairment. 1 Endotracheal (ET) intubation is a primary risk factor for developing VAP. The ET tube deprives the patient of the normal mechanism of airway cleaning by suppressing the cough reflex and altering swallowing.…”