Analysis of Cytotoxicity of Selected Asteraceae Plant Extracts in Real Time, Their Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenolic Profile

Abstract

Plants from Asteraceae family are widely used for their therapeutic effects in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, but the consequences of excessive intake still need to be studied. The aims of this study were the evaluation of cytotoxicity, measurement of antioxidant properties and determination of polyphenolic profile of Tanacetum vulgare L. (tansy), Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow) and Solidago gigantea Ait. (goldenrod) ethanolic extracts. The cytotoxicity of extracts was monitored by xCELLigence system in real time by using porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-1) and by measurement of changes in metabolic activity ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) assay). The antioxidant properties were measured by spectrophotometric methods and polyphenolic profiles were determined by HPLC-DAD for 50% ethanol extracts (10% w/v). Strong cytotoxic effect was recorded for tansy and yarrow extracts (125–1000 µg/mL) by xCELLigence system and MTS assay. Conversely, a supportive effect on cell proliferation was recorded for goldenrod extracts (125 µg/mL) by the same methods (p < 0.001). The antioxidant activity was in good correlation with total polyphenolic content, and the highest value was recorded for goldenrod leaves, followed by tansy leaves, goldenrod flowers and yarrow leaf extracts. The goldenrod extracts were abundant with flavonoids, whereas phenolic acid derivatives predominated in the polyphenolic profile of tansy and yarrow.

SDS-PAGE Protein and HPTLC Polyphenols Profiling as a Promising Tool for Authentication of Goldenrod Honey

“…Flavonoids have also been identified, mainly chrysin, galanagin, pinocembrin, kaempferol, quercetin and luteolin [ 22 ]. In flowers of various species of goldenrod, flavonoids were identified: mainly quercetin glycosides, and also aglycones: quercetin, kaempferol andisoramnetin [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In addition, in S. virgaurea flowers, myricetin, naringenin, genistein and pinocembrin were identified [ 1 ].…”

“…In addition, in S. virgaurea flowers, myricetin, naringenin, genistein and pinocembrin were identified [ 1 ]. Among phenolic acids, chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acids were mainly found in the flowers of S. gigantea and S. canadensis [ 23 , 25 ] and gallic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids were found in the flowers of S. virgaurea [ 1 ]. The quoted literature data indicate a certain variability in the polyphenol profile between individual goldenrod species, with S. gigantea and S. canadensis being more similar to each other than to S. virgaurea .…”

A Comprehensive Study Monitoring the Venom Composition and the Effects of the Venom of the Rare Ethiopian Endemic Snake Species Bitis parviocula

“…After an initial incubation (20 h), tested venoms were added to the cells at the same final concentration of 0.1–100 µg/mL and incubated for another 48 h. The assay was performed according to manufacturer´s instructions and the absorbance was measured by using microplate reader (Synergy HT; Biotek, Winooski, VT, USA). Changes in metabolic activity were expressed in percentage using control cells [ 38 ].…”

Cytotoxic Activity of Herbal Medicines as Assessed in Vitro: A Review

“…These efforts precede drug discovery and development of new anticancer agents, without adverse effects on normal healthy cells which is always limit the use of many anticancer drugs [33–35] . Cytotoxicity assays (CTAs) of herbal medicines are dependent on the concentration, mechanism of cytotoxicity, evaluation methods, cell type, components and exposure over time [36–39] . There are several methods for measuring cell sensitivity to herbal extracts, and cytotoxicity evaluation [40,41] .…”