Analysis of cotton water productivity in Fergana Valley of Central Asia

Reddy, J. Mohan; Muhammedjanov, S.; Jumaboev, Kahramon; Eshmuratov, Davron

doi:10.4236/as.2012.36100

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Rainfed agriculture (winter wheat), sometimes with supplementary irrigation, only occurs upstream in the foothill regions [48]. Precipitation contributes to a minor extent to irrigated winter crop production in the eastern part of the ASB [50]. In the six countries sharing the ASB, irrigated crop production focuses on cereals (on average 49.2% of the irrigated cropland, mainly wheat, but also rice, maize, and barley), and cotton (23.2%) [51].…”

Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cropping Intensity in the Aral Sea Basin and Its Dependency from the Runoff Formation 2000–2012

Conrad

Schönbrodt-Stitt

Löw³

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing

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This study is aimed at a better understanding of how upstream runoff formation affected the cropping intensity (CI: number of harvests) in the Aral Sea Basin (ASB) between 2000 and 2012. MODIS 250 m NDVI time series and knowledge-based pixel masking that included settlement layers and topography features enabled to map the irrigated cropland extent (iCE). Random forest models supported the classification of cropland vegetation phenology (CVP: winter/summer crops, double cropping, etc.). CI and the percentage of fallow cropland (PF) were derived from CVP. Spearman's rho was selected for assessing the statistical relation of CI and PF to runoff formation in the Amu Darya and Syr Darya catchments per hydrological year. Validation in 12 reference sites using multi-annual Landsat-7 ETM+ images revealed an average overall accuracy of 0.85 for the iCE maps. MODIS maps overestimated that based on Landsat by an average factor of~1.15 (MODIS iCE/Landsat iCE). Exceptional overestimations occurred in case of inaccurate settlement layers. The CVP and CI maps achieved overall accuracies of 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. The Amu Darya catchment disclosed significant positive (negative) relations between upstream runoff with CI (PF) and a high pressure on the river water resources in 2000-2012. Along the Syr Darya, reduced dependencies could be observed, which is potentially linked to the high number of water constructions in that catchment. Intensified double cropping after drought years occurred in Uzbekistan. However, a 10 kmˆ10 km grid of Spearman's rho (CI and PF vs. upstream runoff) emphasized locations at different CI levels that are directly affected by runoff fluctuations in both river systems. The resulting maps may thus be supportive on the way to achieve long-term sustainability of crop production and to simultaneously protect the severely threatened environment in the ASB. The gained knowledge can be further used for investigating climatic impacts of irrigation in the region.

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Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cropping Intensity in the Aral Sea Basin and Its Dependency from the Runoff Formation 2000–2012

Conrad

Schönbrodt-Stitt

Löw³

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing

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“…This is an important indicator for evaluating the efficiency of agricultural water use. At present, the research methods for crop water use efficiency are divided into the following categories: site observation [21][22][23][24], statistical analysis [25,26], model simulation [27][28][29][30] and remote sensing inversion [31][32][33][34]. Based on field observation research, the calculation of crop water use efficiency is more accurate, but the number of sample points is limited, and the sample selection process is strongly influenced by human factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is uncertainty regarding whether sample points can represent regional crop water use efficiency. Zhou X [21] and Reddy J M [22] designed field experiments on the Loess Plateau of China and the Fergana Basin of Central Asia to determine crop water use efficiency. The advantage of the statistical analysis method is that the data are highly obtainable and that the calculation is simple.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Changes in Crop Water Use Efficiency in Central Asia from 1960 to 2016

2020

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Water resources among five Central Asian countries are distributed unevenly. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the conflict between water and land use has become increasingly serious. Due to limited data, the temporal and spatial characteristics and trends of crop water use efficiency in Central Asia over the past 60 years remain unclear. This paper combines state-level agricultural statistics data and cultivated land data (1975, 2005 and 2015) from remote sensing imagery and calculates crop water use efficiency based on the FAO crop coefficient method. The results are as follows: (1) the development of crop cultivation in Central Asia is divided into an expansion period (1960–1990), a reduction period (1990–2000), and a recovery period (2000–2016); (2) the grain yield in Central Asia increased from 0.9 to 1.9 t/ha during 1960–2016, with Uzbekistan having the highest, reaching 4.2 t/ha in 2016. Cotton yield increased during 1960–1990 and decreased from 1990 to 2016. (3) The grain water use efficiency in Central Asia increased from 0.22 kg/m3 to 0.39 kg/m3 during 1960–2016. The cotton water use efficiency increased from 0.23 kg/m3 to 0.30 kg/m3 during 1960–1990, has decreased since 1990, and is currently close to the 1960s level.

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“…Values of total irrigation, taken for conditions with a deep groundwater level, were reduced for shallower groundwater tables following locally adopted recommendations. Farmers often irrigate crops based on water availability, which may deviate from crop irrigation requirements (Reddy et al, 2012) and indicate the need for revising current irrigation scheduling practices.…”

Section: Simulated Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a change in cropping patterns produce water savings and social gains: A case study from the Fergana Valley, Central Asia

Karimov

Hanjra

Šimůnek

et al. 2018

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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Abstract:The study examines possible water savings by replacing alfalfa with winter wheat in the Fergana Valley, located upstream of the Syrdarya River in Central Asia. Agricultural reforms since the 1990s have promoted this change in cropping patterns in the Central Asian states to enhance food security and social benefits. The water use of alfalfa, winter wheat/fallow, and winter wheat/green gram (double cropping) systems is compared for high-deficit, low-deficit, and full irrigation scenarios using hydrological modeling with the HYDRUS-1D software package. Modeling results indicate that replacing alfalfa with winter wheat in the Fergana Valley released significant water resources, mainly by reducing productive crop transpiration when abandoning alfalfa in favor of alternative cropping systems. However, the winter wheat/fallow cropping system caused high evaporation losses from fallow land after harvesting of winter wheat. Double cropping (i.e., the cultivation of green gram as a short duration summer crop after winter wheat harvesting) reduced evaporation losses, enhanced crop output and hence food security, while generating water savings that make more water available for other productive uses. Beyond water savings, this paper also discusses the economic and social gains that double cropping produces for the public within a broader developmental context.

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Analysis of cotton water productivity in Fergana Valley of Central Asia

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Cropping Intensity in the Aral Sea Basin and Its Dependency from the Runoff Formation 2000–2012

Cropping Intensity in the Aral Sea Basin and Its Dependency from the Runoff Formation 2000–2012

Temporal and Spatial Changes in Crop Water Use Efficiency in Central Asia from 1960 to 2016

Can a change in cropping patterns produce water savings and social gains: A case study from the Fergana Valley, Central Asia

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