Analysis of Cost of Illness, Treatment, Complications, and Interventions of Hypercolesterolemia in Mexico in 2016

Baeza-Cruz, German; Peniche-Otero, G.; Alva-Esqueda, Mónica; Naranjo-Muedano, Mariana; Soria-Suárez, Noé; Morales-Flores, Héctor J.

doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2017.12.003

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The literature search yielded a total of 1260 studies. After reading the titles and abstract, 103 studies were selected for full reading and eight met the criteria for inclusion in the review (Fig 1) [4][5][6][11][12][13][14][15]. The main characteristics of each study included in the review are presented in S1 Table . Except for a research conducted in Turkey, all the included studies were published in the American continent, with the majority conducted in US (four studies), followed by one each for Brazil, Canada, and Mexico.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Costs items contributing to this financial impact are associated to the management of the health consequences and disease-related events, such as ASCVD, and to cost-minimizing (compared with proved equivalent therapeutics) preventive interventions (e.g., screening and pharmacological treatments), which are both are associated to significant healthcare resources consumptions (e.g. hospitalization, diagnostic procedures and revascularization, medical follow-up, and chronic use of several medications) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health expenditure attributable to ASCVD has been the subject of some national research, but a clear picture of the studies on the economic impact of ASCVD secondary to hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia is lacking, with available studies conducted at country level with small patient groups or focusing on specific economic aspects associated to the condition [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The economic impact of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia: A systematic review of cost of illness studies

et al. 2021

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Hypercholesterolemia is a clinically relevant condition with an ascertained role in atherogenesis. In particular, its presence directly correlates to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). As known, cardiovascular diseases pose a significant economic burden worldwide; however, a clear picture of the economic impact of ASCVD secondary to hypercholesterolemia is lacking. This study aiming at conducting a systematic review of the current literature to assess the economic impact of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), non-familial hypercholesterolemia (non-FH) or mixed dyslipidemia. A literature search was performed in Medline/PubMed and Embase database up to September 1st, 2020, exploring evidence published from 2010. The literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. To be included the studies must be conducted on people who have been diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia, non-familial hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia, and report data/information on costs attributable to these conditions and their sequelae. A total of 1260 studies were retrieved. After reading the titles and abstract, 103 studies were selected for full reading and eight met the criteria for inclusion. All but one studies were published in the American continent, with the majority conducted in US. An observational design with a prevalence approach were used and all estimated the economic burden of CVD. Direct cost estimates as annual average health expenditure on all population, ranging from $17 to $259 million. Few studies assessing the economic impact of hypercholesterolemia are available in the literature and new researches are needed to provide a more updated and reliable picture. Despite this scarceness of evidence, this review adds important data for future discussion on the knowledge of the economic impact of hypercholesterolemia and costs of care associated to this condition, with important implication for public health researches and novel therapies implementation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The economic impact of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia: A systematic review of cost of illness studies

et al. 2021

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“…Optimal treatment for current CVD cases is key for diminishing the cardiovascular burden in the short term [84]. However, deficiencies in health systems, the complexity of illness, and the high cost of secondary care [84,122] make it difficult to effectively treat CVD in countries such as Mexico [84]. Because of this, authorities from each country should opt to allocate resources to a systematic strategy focused on improving capacity of health care personnel through modifications to university study plans that encourage of lifelong learning, strengthening family inclusion and motivation techniques in medical care, and on guaranteeing technological infrastructure and drugs for adequate management and treatment of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attributable Burden and Expenditure of Cardiovascular Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Mexico and other Selected Mega-Countries

Mendoza-Herrera

Pedroza-Tobías

Hernández-Alcaraz

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: This paper describes the health and economic burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Mexico and other mega-countries through a review of literature and datasets. Methods: Mega-countries with a low (Nigeria), middle (India), high (China/Brazil/Mexico), and very high (the U.S.A./Japan) human development index were included. The review was focused on prevalence of dyslipidemias and CVD economic impact and conducted according to the PRISMA statement. Public datasets of CVD indicators were explored. Results: Heterogeneity in economic data and limited information on dyslipidemias were found. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were higher in Mexico compared with other countries. Higher contribution of dietary risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and greater probability of dying prematurely from CVD were observed in developing countries. From 1990–2016, a greater decrease in cardiovascular mortality in developed countries was registered. In 2015, a CVD expense equivalent to 4% of total health expenditure was reported in Mexico. CVD ranked first in health expenditures in almost all these nations and the economic burden will remain significant for decades to come. Conclusions: Resources should be assured to optimize CVD risk monitoring. Educational and medical models must be improved to enhance CVD diagnosis and the prescription and adherence to treatments. Long-term benefits could be attained by modifying the food system.

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“…Optimal treatment on the current cases is a key piece to diminish the cardiovascular burden in the short term [81]. However, deficiencies in health systems, the complexity of illness, and the high cost of secondary care [81,121], make difficult effectively treat CVD in countries such as Mexico [81].…”

Section: Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attributable burden and expenditure of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in Mexico and other selected mega-countries

Mendoza-Herrera

Pedroza-Tobías

Hernández-Alcaraz

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a health and economic threat globally. This paper aims to describe this problem in Mexico and other selected mega-countries through a review of published literature and the exploration of secondary datasets. Method Mega-countries with low (Nigeria), middle (India), high (China/Brazil/Mexico), and very high (the U.S./Japan) human development index (HDI) were included. The review was divided into two topics: prevalence of dyslipidemia and CVD economic impact. Search, screening, and filtering processes were conducted in electronic databases using MeSH terms by one trained researcher. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered for eligibility. Methods and results were reported according to the PRISMA statement. Information from datasets on epidemiologic CVD indicators was also extracted. Results Thirty-two studies were eligible. Heterogeneity in economic data and limited nationwide information on dyslipidemias prevalence in some countries were found. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were higher in Mexico compared to other countries. Dietary risk factors have a higher contribution on cardiovascular mortality in developing countries: e.g. 8.1-13.8% Mexico, 11.3-13.0% India vs. 0.078-8.9% Japan, 6.5-10.7% the U.S. Probability of dying prematurely from CVD in 2016 was higher in lower HDI countries: 23.3-22.5% (low-middle), 17.0-15.7% (high), and 14.6-8.4% (very high). From 1990-2016, a greater decrease in cardiovascular mortality in developed countries was registered (-56.8% Japan/-11.1% India). In 2015, an expenditure of USD-PPP $11.2 billion due to hypertension, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure was reported in Mexico (4% from public health expenditure). CVD ranked first in health care expenditures in almost all these nations and this economic burden is expected to remain significant by 2030, especially in the most populated or developed countries. Conclusions The higher burden of CVD and its significant economic impact, coupled with poor clinical practice and epidemiological surveillance, represents a greater challenge for Mexico and other developing mega-countries. Thus, governments and academia should secure resources to assure an optimal monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors. Educational models and medical practice must be improved to optimize the diagnosis of CVD and the prescription and adherence of their pharmacological and lifestyle treatments. Long-term benefits are expected from strengthening strategies to modify the food system.

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Analysis of Cost of Illness, Treatment, Complications, and Interventions of Hypercolesterolemia in Mexico in 2016

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

The economic impact of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia: A systematic review of cost of illness studies

The economic impact of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia: A systematic review of cost of illness studies

Attributable Burden and Expenditure of Cardiovascular Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Mexico and other Selected Mega-Countries

Attributable burden and expenditure of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in Mexico and other selected mega-countries

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