Analysis of Contamination Levels of Cu, Pb, and Zn and Population Health Risk via Consumption of Processed Meat Products

Abstract

Background: Due to the world research for non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals in the processed meat products, the aim of the present study was to determine the contents of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn) and associated health risks through consumption of sausage and ham marketed in Hamadan city in 2016. Methods: In this descriptive study, 30 samples from 10 brands of sausage and 30 samples from 10 brands of ham (totally 60 samples) were collected from the market basket of Hamadan city. After preparation and processing of the samples in the laboratory, the concentration of metals was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The health risk index (HRI) was assessed based on the ratio of average daily intake of metal (DIM) to the reference dose of the metal. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 20).

Trace Metals in Pork Meat Products Marketed in Italy: Occurrence and Health Risk Characterization

“…The average contents varied from a minimum of 5.71 μg g −1 in raw ham to a maximum of 7.32 μg g −1 in salami, while the other products showed levels of the same order of magnitude ( P > 0.05). These values were similar to those measured in literature for cured sausage consumed in Iran [ 56 ], but lower than those reported in meat products marketed in Turkey [ 57 ], Bangladesh [ 60 ], Spain [ 61 ], and Sweden [ 62 ]. For this metal, the European Commission has not established a legal maximum limit in contrast to FAO [ 51 ], which have set a limit of 50 μg g −1 .…”

“…More, spices added to processed meats, while promoting flavor and texture to food, may bring further toxic substances [ 64 ]. Obviously, all these factors do not allow an easy comparison of the results, but, in general, contamination levels in present study were similar to those encountered by Martorell et al [ 53 ] and Sobhanardakani [ 56 ], but higher than those reported by Demirezen and Uruc [ 58 ], Abedi et al [ 59 ], Daşbaşi et al [ 57 ] and Marin et al [ 52 ]. According to Commission Regulation (EC) No 2015/1005 [ 12 ], the maximum permitted limit for this toxic element in meat is 0.10 μg g −1 .…”

Health risk assessment of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in the muscle, liver and gizzard of hen’s marketed in East of Iran

“…It was mentioned that Pb could be retained in gizzard [ 25 ]. The mean concentration of Cu (mg/kg) in sausage and ham samples was 1.88 and 1.48, respectively [ 23 ], which were higher than the results of chicken and gizzard in the present study. Moreover, the mean of Pb was 0.35 mg/kg in sausage samples and 0.32 mg/kg in ham samples [ 23 ] which were also higher than the results of present study.…”

“…Cd may cause kidney dysfunctions, prostate and breast cancer, osteomalacia and reproductive deficiencies [ 13 ]. The problem of heavy metal is severe in developing countries due to the uncontrolled level of pollution in the environment and they were reported from different foodstuffs, including meat, aquatic animals, processed foods, pistachio and honey [ 2 , 9 , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] ].…”

Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Through Exposure to the Household Dust (Case Study: City of Khorramabad, Iran)

“…However, trivalent chromium (Cr (III)), as an essential mineral, plays an important role in metabolism of the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate, yet Cr (VI), as a human carcinogen agent, can cause adverse effects, such as shortness of breath, nose ulcers, asthma, and wheezing (19,20). Lead (Pb) is known as an agent of deficits in intelligence quotient, development of abnormalities, neurotoxicity problems, colic, anemia, and constipation, particularly in nursery and primary school children (21)(22)(23)(24). However, a few trace amounts of nickel (Ni) play an important role in the body, especially activating some enzyme systems and the synthesis of red blood cells, yet, liver damage, heart damage, nervous system damage, respiratory problems, and lung cancer are the results of exposure to a high amount of this element (25).…”