Analysis of conjugated linoleic acid and trans 18:1 isomers in synthetic and animal products

Kramer, J. K. G.; Cruz‐Hernandez, Cristina; Deng, Zeyuan; Zhou, Jianqiang; Jahreis, Gerhard; Dugan, M. E. R.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.6.1137s

Cited by 196 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Since a reliable internal standard for CLA is not yet available, the quantitative measurements were performed through a calibration curve, using high purity individual cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA (Matreya Inc., Pleasant Gap PA, USA). CLA mix standard (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA), and published isomeric profile (Kramer et al, 2004) were also used to help identify the CLA isomers in ovine milk and meat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) content of meat from three muscles of Massese suckling lambs slaughtered at different weights

et al. 2009

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Eighteen Massese male lambs, fed mainly maternal milk were slaughtered at 11, 14 and 17 kg. Samples of Longissimus Dorsi (LD), Triceps Brachii (TB) and Semimembranosus (Sm) muscles were collected. Milk from the lamb's dams was sampled weekly. Fatty acid composition of milk and meat was determined.TB was the fattest muscle, Sm the leanest one and LD showed an intermediate value of total lipids, while the weight at slaughter did not influence total intramuscular fat content in any muscle. Although slaughter weight slightly affected overall fatty acid composition of muscles, rumenic acid and total CLA content in TB and Sm, but not in LD, significantly increased with slaughter weight. As regard milk fatty acid composition, the contents of total CLA, RA and others minor CLA isomers decreased during the first four weeks after lambing and then increased at the last control (five weeks). The animals slaughtered at a live weight of 14 and 17 kg showed a greater SCD enzyme activity (estimated by product/substrate ratio) and a higher rumen activity (estimated by means of branched chain and odd chain fatty acid content in meat) than animals slaughtered at 11 kg. CLA content significantly increased with the slaughter age in TB and SM, while trans-7, trans-9 CLA, only increased in TB, and cis-8, cis-10 CLA, only increased in SM. Further studies are needed in order to verify weather the different behaviour of RA in LD muscle may be due to differences in muscle metabolism or fatty acid utilisation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) content of meat from three muscles of Massese suckling lambs slaughtered at different weights

et al. 2009

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“…FAs were identified by a FAME hexane mix solution (Nu-Chek-Prep, Elysian, MN, USA). A standard mixture of methyl esters of c9, t11-C18:2 and c10,t12-C18:2 (Sigma, Milano, Italy) and published isomeric profile (Kramer et al, 2004;Luna et al, 2005) were used to help in identifying the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers. Total FAs were quantified using C23:0 (Sigma) as an internal standard (4 mg/g freeze-dried sample).…”

Section: Measurements Sampling and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ewes grazing sulla or ryegrass pasture for different daily durations on forage intake, milk production and fatty acid composition of cheese

Bonanno

Grigoli

Mazza

et al. 2016

animal

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Sulla (Sulla coronarium L.) forage is valued for its positive impact on ruminant production, in part due to its moderate content of condensed tannin (CT). The duration of daily grazing is a factor affecting the feed intake and milk production of ewes. In this study, the effects of grazing sulla pasture compared with annual ryegrass, and the extension of grazing from 8 to 22 h/day, were evaluated with regard to ewe forage intake and milk production, as well as the physicochemical properties and fatty acid (FA) composition of cheese. During 42 days in the spring, 28 ewes of the Comisana breed were divided into four groups (S8, S22, R8 and R22) that grazed sulla (S) or ryegrass (R) for 8 (0800 to 1600 h) or 22 h/day, and received no feeding supplement. In six cheese-making sessions, cheeses were manufactured from the 48 h bulk milk of each group. Compared with ewes grazing ryegrass, those grazing sulla had higher dry matter (DM) intake, intake rate and milk yield, and produced milk that was lower in fat and higher in casein. Ewes grazing for 22 h spent more time eating, which reduced the intake rate, increased DM and nutrient intake and milk yield, and reduced milk fat. Due to the ability of CT to inhibit the complete ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the FA composition of sulla cheese was more beneficial for consumer health compared with ryegrass cheese, having lower levels of saturated fatty acids and higher levels of PUFA and n-3 FA. The FA profile of S8 cheese was better than that of S22 cheese, as it was higher in branched-chain FA, monounsaturated FA, PUFA, rumenic acid (c9,t11-C18:2), and had a greater health-promoting index. The effect of short grazing time on sulla was attributed to major inhibition of PUFA biohydrogenating ruminal bacteria, presumably stimulated by the higher accumulation of sulla CT in the rumen, which is related to a higher intake rate over a shorter eating time. Thus, grazing sulla improved the performance of ewes, thereby increasing, especially with short grazing time, the nutritional properties of cheese fat.

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“…Individuals C15:0 iso, C15:0 anteiso, C17:0 iso and C17:0 anteiso (Larodan Fine Chemicals AB, Malmö, Sweden) were used to identify these FA. A standard mixture of methyl esters of C18:2 c9, t11 and C18:2 c10, t12 (Sigma-Aldrich) and published isomeric profile (Kramer et al 2004;Luna et al 2005) were used to help in identifying the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers. The health-promoting index was calculated according to Chen et al (2004): total unsaturated FA/[C12:0 + (4 · C14:0) + C16:0].…”

Section: Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legume grain-based supplements in dairy sheep diet: effects on milk yield, composition and fatty acid profile

et al. 2016

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Abstract. With the aim to find protein sources that are free of genetically modified organisms, the effects of legume grainbased concentrates, used as alternatives of a mixed concentrate feed containing soybean, were evaluated on sheep milk production. Twelve lactating ewes were divided into four groups, fed hay and, according to a 4 · 4 Latin square design, supplied with 800 g/day of a commercial mixed concentrate feed (MCF) containing maize and soybean, or the same amount of isoprotein concentrates consisting of chickpea (CH), faba bean (FB), or pea (PE) mixed with barley. The ewes ingested more of the concentrates with legume grains than the MCF (702, 702, 678 vs 587 g/day DM for CH, FB, PE and MCF; P 0.001). Compared with CH, FB and PE resulted in greater (P 0.05) milk yield (710, 718 vs 654 g/day for FB, PE and CH, respectively), and led to a greater (P 0.05) efficiency of dietary protein utilisation for milk casein synthesis (94, 97 vs 87 g casein/kg crude protein intake for FB, PE and CH, respectively), whereas MCF resulted in intermediate levels of milk yield (677 g/day) and milk casein/crude protein intake (88 g/kg). Chickpea increased the milk content of trans-vaccenic and rumenic acids in comparison with FB and PE and, similarly to MCF, increased the milk content of linoleic acid, as well as total unsaturated fatty acids (24.3, 23.9 vs 17.2, 16.8 g/100 g fatty acid methyl esters for MCF, CH, FB and PE; P 0.001), thereby improving the potential health-promoting index. Legume grains can replace soybean in diets of dairy ewes, as they do not adversely affect milk yield and composition.

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Analysis of conjugated linoleic acid and trans 18:1 isomers in synthetic and animal products

Cited by 196 publications

References 67 publications

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) content of meat from three muscles of Massese suckling lambs slaughtered at different weights

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) content of meat from three muscles of Massese suckling lambs slaughtered at different weights

Effects of ewes grazing sulla or ryegrass pasture for different daily durations on forage intake, milk production and fatty acid composition of cheese

Legume grain-based supplements in dairy sheep diet: effects on milk yield, composition and fatty acid profile

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