Analysis of Compound-Specific Chlorine Stable Isotopes of Vinyl Chloride by Continuous Flow–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (FC–IRMS)

Shouakar-Stash, Orfan; Frape, Shaun K.; Aravena, Ramón; Gargini, Alessandro; Pasini, M.; Drimmie, R.J.

doi:10.1080/15275920903347628

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Samples were diluted to VC and cDCE concentrations of approximately 30 and 15 µg/L, respectively, for the carbon isotope analysis. Chlorine isotope ratios of VC and cDCE were analyzed by a continuous flow-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Iso Prime, Micromass, currently GV Instruments) equipped with a gas chromatograph (Agilent 6890) and a CombiPAL SPME autosampler (CTC analytical, Switzerland) as described elsewhere in detail (33,34). All isotope ratios are reported using the delta notation as δ ) (R/Rstd -1) × 1000‰ where R and Rstd are the isotope ratio of the sample and the standard, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Oxidation and Reductive Dechlorination of Vinyl Chloride and cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

Abe

Aravena

Zopfi

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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131

158

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The study investigated carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during aerobic oxidation and reductive dechlorination of vinyl chloride (VC) and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE). The experimental data followed a Rayleigh trend. For aerobic oxidation, the average carbon isotope enrichment factors were -7.2‰ and -8.5‰ for VC and cDCE, respectively, while average chlorine isotope enrichment factors were only -0.3‰ for both compounds. These values are consistent with an initial transformation by epoxidation for which a significant primary carbon isotope effect and only a small secondary chlorine isotope effect is expected. For reductive dechlorination, larger carbon isotope enrichment factors of -25.2‰ for VC and -18.5‰ for cDCE were observed consistent with previous studies. Although the average chlorine isotope enrichment factors were larger than those of aerobic oxidation (-1.8‰ for VC, -1.5‰ for cDCE), they were not as large as typically expected for a primary chlorine isotope effect suggesting that no cleavage of C-Cl bonds takes place during the initial ratelimiting step. The ratio of isotope enrichment factors for chlorine and carbon were substantially different for the two reaction mechanisms suggesting that the reaction mechanisms can be differentiated at the field scale using a dual isotope approach.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Oxidation and Reductive Dechlorination of Vinyl Chloride and cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

Abe

Aravena

Zopfi

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

131

158

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“…More recently, compound-specific chlorine stable isotopes were introduced in investigating the behavior of these compounds (Shouakar-Stash, et al, 2006;Shouakar-Stash, et al, 2009;and Aby, et al, 2009). The information provided by the isotopic signatures of organic compounds can be employed to distinguish between different sources of contamination "Isotopic Fingerprinting".…”

Section: Compound-specific Stable Isotope Analysesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Application of Compound-Specific Carbon and Chlorine Stable Isotope for Fingerprinting Sources of Chlorinated Compounds in Groundwater

Shouakar-Stash¹,

Aravena²,

Hunkeler³

et al. 2011

JKAU: Met., Env. & Arid Land Agric. Sci.

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Groundwater contamination by hazardous substances including chlorinated solvents has become a serious widespread problem, representing a substantial liability. Evaluation of contaminant sources in groundwater plumes, which has significant relevance for assignment of responsabilities for groundwater remediation, is one of the key aspects that consultants and environmental agencies have to deal with in contaminated groundwater. In recent years, compound-specific stable isotope analysis have become a valuable methodology that is employed as an indicator of chemical and biological degradations of chlorinated solvents in groundwater and as a tool to distinguish different plumes (fingerprinting) and trace them back to the release source point. In this study, chlorine and carbon stable isotopes were used to identify the origin of trichloroethene (TCE) in a co-mingled plume that can be associated to a primary in-site source and an off-site TCE source link to biodegradation of perchloroethene (PCE). The stable isotope data showed a very distinct and significantly different isotopic fingerprint for the primary source of TCE compared to the off-site source. This difference can be observed in the co-mingled TCE plume downgradient from the two TCE sources clearly showing that the off-site TCE source is contributing to the in-site TCE plume. These results showed the great potential of the combined use of 37 Cl and 13 C for fingerprinting organic contaminant sources in groundwater.

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“…The isotopic fingerprinting, especially for Carbon, was applied to know better the pollutants transport and the biodegradation of Chlorinated compounds for example in Ferrara (Shouakar-Stash O. et al 2009) or Chienti river (Petitta M. et al 2012); difficulties with an extensive and desirable use is due to lack of analytical laboratories in Italy.…”

Section: Fig 4 -An Example Of Mihpt Log (From Courtesy Of Infogeo Srl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some aspects of the state of the art of contaminated sites remediation in Italy

Beretta

2015

AS-ITJGW

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The remediation of contaminated sites has been faced in Italy and elsewhere in the world with a series of works originated by the availability of specific technologies for the recovery of soils and groundwater quality, acting in accordance with the principle of sustainability. A framework of rules (target values and type of intervention) and a summary of the quality of soil and groundwater in Italian contaminated sites must be mentioned first. The design of the remediation was also permitted by the improvement of the site characterization, with specific equipments addressed for example to identify the stratigraphy of the contaminants, the presence of volatile compounds, the sampling of water of significant groundwater quality, etc.. The text describes some interventions relating to physical and hydraulic barriers that involve substantial capital and O&M costs and also the consumption of natural resources. Subsequently they are also considered important in situ interventions that resulted in a reduction in the concentration and significant recovery of the pollutants mass. The evolution of the residual concentration in the groundwater must be considered by monitoring natural attenuation. Despite the recovery of the mass of pollutants even up to 90-99%, values of cleanup (expected concentrations of the order of μg/L) which are established by national legislation have not been achieved. It can be stated that the scientific community is considering the new paradigm expressed by the “order of magnitude of the flow of pollutant mass” to replace the old paradigm consisting in the “limit value of final concentrations”.

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Analysis of Compound-Specific Chlorine Stable Isotopes of Vinyl Chloride by Continuous Flow–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (FC–IRMS)

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Oxidation and Reductive Dechlorination of Vinyl Chloride and cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Oxidation and Reductive Dechlorination of Vinyl Chloride and cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

Application of Compound-Specific Carbon and Chlorine Stable Isotope for Fingerprinting Sources of Chlorinated Compounds in Groundwater

Some aspects of the state of the art of contaminated sites remediation in Italy

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