Analysis of coal liquids by mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry

Zakett, D.; Shaddock, V. M.; Cooks, R. Graham

doi:10.1021/ac50047a054

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…21 Techniques such as massanalysed ion kinetic energy spectrometry (MIKES) 22,23 allow fragment kinetic energy distributions to be measured for selected ions, though require a fairly complex experimental scheme involving scanning magnetic and electric sectors. While MIKES has been used with considerable success to resolve mixtures of components from complex samples, including volatile vapours from heated coal dust or natural products, [24][25][26][27] the data acquisition and analysis is time consuming, and the kinetic energy resolution is low. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) similarly offers some capabilities for studying mixtures, 14 though it also requires a two-stage mass spectrometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Account: An Introduction to Velocity-Map Imaging Mass Spectrometry (VMImMS)

Bull

Lee

Gardiner

et al. 2014

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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This account introduces a new variant of time-of-flight mass spectrometry, termed velocity-map imaging mass spectrometry (VMImMS).While the ion abundances recorded in conventional ToF-MS measurements are highly useful for molecular quantification and structure determination, the final parent and fragment ion yields are largely blind to the dynamics of the processes in which the ions were formed inside the mass spectrometer. By recording the velocity distribution of each ion in tandem with the mass spectrum, not only can the details of the dissociative ionisation dynamics be unravelled, but the extra dimensions of information can be used for enhanced molecular fingerprinting, separating contributions from ions with identical mass-to-charge ratio and resolving components within mixtures, to name but a few examples. Measuring ion-velocity distributions within a mass spectrometry measurement is not new, but incorporating imaging techniques developed within the reaction dynamics community provides vastly improved velocity resolution for all ions simultaneously in a single-stage instrument. This account provides an introduction to VMImMS, outlines the fundamental instrumentation and detector requirements and the challenges associated with developing the method further, and details proof-of-concept work from our laboratory on a number of potential applications of the technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Account: An Introduction to Velocity-Map Imaging Mass Spectrometry (VMImMS)

Bull

Lee

Gardiner

et al. 2014

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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“…Zakett and co-workers [17,18] developed tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods as possible means of identifying PAHs in coal samples. MS/MS provides compound-specifIc data and can be employed for mixture analysis [19].…”

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Fast atom bombardment combined with mass spectrometry for characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Dass

1990

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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A new approach using fast atom bombardment combined with mass spectrometry to characterize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the range of 128-252 u molecular weight is described. Sulfolane was employed as a liquid matrix for these π-conjugated hydrocarbons. Bombardment of sulfolane solution of certain PAHs with an atom beam produces both radical cation (M(+.)) and protonated molecule [(M + H)(+)], with no evidence of fragmentation. Collisional activation of the fast atom bombardment-desorbed M(+.) ions, however, results in several structure-specific fragment ions. Structural differences in a few isomeric hydrocarbons can be detected using the [(M + H)(+)]/[M(+.)] abundance ratio and in the pyrene-fluoranthene pair by the B/E linked-field-collision-activated dissociation data. The [(M + H)(+)]/[M(+.)] was found to be compound-specific and correlated well with certain properties (resonance energy, proton affinity, and ionizing energy) of PAHs.

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“…These collision-induced fragments reflect the structure of the unknown component of the mixture in much the same way as the electron impact spectrum of the pure sample does. A variety of applications of this technique using electron impact (EI) (10, 11), field ionization (3,12), or chemical ionization (CI) (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) have been reported and reviewed (21,22).The most significant contributions to this field have been made by Cooks and co-workers (13-20) who used chemical ionization as primary ion source and were able to demonstrate that the analysis of unknown mixtures is possible with high sensitivity and little or no pretreatment of the sample.This and several subsequent papers will explore the analytical potential of a combination of field ionization or field desorption and collisional activation in more detail. Organic tin compounds have been chosen in this study as these compounds are produced industrially in large quantities, e.g., as fungicides, bactericides, and wood preservatives.…”

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Field ionization and field desorption for collisional activation mass spectrometric determination of organic tin compounds

Weber¹,

Visel²,

Levsen³

1980

Anal. Chem.

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Field ionization and field desorption spectra of a variety of organic tln compounds are reported. In contrast to the electron Impact spectra, In which only very low molecular Ion abundances are observed, the field ionization spectra are dominated by the molecular ion and show llttle If any fragmentatlon. The colllsional activation spectra of these fleld ionized molecules allow a rapid and unambiguous structure elucidatlon. Several examples are reported which demonstrate that the components of a mlxture of unknown composition can be ldentlfled unequivocally by using the comblnation of field ionization and collisional actlvatlon.Collisional activation (CA) spectra have been used extensively during the past 8 years in fundamental studies such as ion structure work ( I , 2). There is, however, a growing interest to explore the analytical potential of this method. Thus, it has been demonstrated that CA spectra of field ionized (3) or field desorbed (4-9) molecules give important structural information which is often not available from the field ionization (FI) and field desorption (FD) spectra alone. In addition we have demonstrated in 1974 that the CA technique can be used for a direct mixture analysis (3). For this purpose two-stage mass spectrometers such as double focusing instruments of reversed geometry (the magnetic sector precedes the electric sector) are of particular advantage. Here the ionized components of the mixture are mass selected and thus separated by the magnetic field before they undergo a highenergy collision with a neutral target gas. The resulting collision-induced fragments of each component are mass analyzed by using the electric sector. These collision-induced fragments reflect the structure of the unknown component of the mixture in much the same way as the electron impact spectrum of the pure sample does. A variety of applications of this technique using electron impact (EI) (10, 11), field ionization (3,12), or chemical ionization (CI) (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) have been reported and reviewed (21,22).The most significant contributions to this field have been made by Cooks and co-workers (13-20) who used chemical ionization as primary ion source and were able to demonstrate that the analysis of unknown mixtures is possible with high sensitivity and little or no pretreatment of the sample.This and several subsequent papers will explore the analytical potential of a combination of field ionization or field desorption and collisional activation in more detail. Organic tin compounds have been chosen in this study as these compounds are produced industrially in large quantities, e.g., as fungicides, bactericides, and wood preservatives. As organic tin compounds are of medium toxicity, it is of interest to explore their ecological impact (23). Thus the availability of analytic techniques for their identification is of interest. EXPERIMENTAL SECTIONThe E1 spectra of the tin organic compounds were measured on a Varian MAT 44 S instrument (electron energy 70 eV, source temperature 250 "C). Th...

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Analysis of coal liquids by mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Account: An Introduction to Velocity-Map Imaging Mass Spectrometry (VMImMS)

Account: An Introduction to Velocity-Map Imaging Mass Spectrometry (VMImMS)

Fast atom bombardment combined with mass spectrometry for characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Field ionization and field desorption for collisional activation mass spectrometric determination of organic tin compounds

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