Analysis of coagulation factors in angioedema/urticaria: increased values of D-dimer and fibrinogen in isolated angioedema

Abstract

IntroductionAngioedema is a painless and limited swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissue, typically occurring in episodes affecting areas such as the face, lips, oral cavity, genitalia, or gastrointestinal regions (1-9). Attacks are unpredictable and asymmetrical. Angioedema can occur in isolation or in association with wheals (urticaria) in approximately 40% to 60% of patients (4-7). By definition, urticaria is a condition characterized by the development of wheals (hives), angioedema, or both (1, 2). Based on its duration, urticaria is classified as acute or chronic, and according to definite triggers it is classified as inducible or spontaneous (1). Chronic