Analysis of Clavicle in Nepalese Population

Abstract

BackgroundDetermining the sex of deceased is easy when a complete skeleton is available for examination. On the whole, the bones are heavier, larger and markings of muscular attachments are more pronounced in the male than in the female. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was attempted to evolve an easily applied formula to enable the assessment of sex in an unknown clavicles and to know about comparative differences between the right and left clavicles, from certain metrical parameters. MethodsThe study was an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive in nature. The present study was conducted on 257 adult clavicles out of which, 135 were of the right side and 122 of left side. The maximum length of the clavicle (in mm) was taken. ResultsThe length of the right clavicles varies from 108 mm to 178 mm with an average of 143.21 mm ±11.13 mm S.D. The length of the left clavicles varies from 111mm to 181 mm with an average 145.53 mm ±11.04 mm S.D. It has been observed that the left clavicle was longer than the right clavicle by 2.32 mm. There was no such single character which can determine the sex of all clavicles. Depending on the length alone, the sex can be decided in 13.33% male and 4.44% female right clavicles and 16.39% male and 9.83% female bones if the left clavicle is considered. ConclusionThe left clavicle was longer than the right clavicle. The determination of sex from the clavicle has a great medico legal significance to the toxicologists. It also helps the anthropologists in their study of evolution of mankind and migration of races. Citation Haque MK, Mansur DI, Krishnamurthy A, Karki R, Sharma K, Shakya R. Morphometric analysis of clavicle in Nepalese population. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2011;35(3):193-7. end. Mid-clavicular circumference is the most reliable single indicator of sex: a combination of this measurement with weight and length yields better results. 2The human clavicle is a long bone, which has a shaft and two ends. The right sided long bones of the limbs are usually larger than those of the left. 3 The right clavicle was heavier and its mid circumference was greater than those of the left clavicle. 4The purpose of this study was attempted to evolve an easily applied formula to enable the assessment of sex in an unknown clavicles and to know about comparative differences between the right and left clavicles, from certain metrical parameters.

Morphometric Parameters and Sex Determination of Clavicle In Telangana Region

“…There was a very little difference in Mean values of length of right and left clavicles of U.S.A. Whites study done by Singh S 10 , Nepalese population study done by Haque et al 4 and present study. (Table: 2).…”

“…The maximum length of the clavicle in mm was taken. The length of the clavicle which was the maximum distance between two ends of the clavicle was measured with the help of a vernier calliper 4 . The midpoints at the acromial and sternal ends were obtained and were marked as points 'A' and 'B' and were joined by straight line 'AB' as shown in figure.…”

Morphometric analysis of scapula to determine sexual dimorphism

“…Skull, pelvis, long bones, clavicle, patella, sacrum, sternum are the bones on which, studies have been done to determine the sex. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Skull and pelvis are most frequently utilized for the sex determination. However, there is a disadvantage of using skulls and pelvis for sex determination as they do not provide reliable results when they are damaged.…”

Determination of sex of adult human clavicle by discriminant function analysis in Marathwada region of Maharashtra

“…16 Present study shows, the most discriminating variables included in the stepwise analysis are the Mid clavicular circumference, posterior curved length, medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3 junction circumference and weight with 93.3% accuracy in males, 94.4% accuracy in females and 93.7% overall accuracy.…”