Analysis of classical swine fever virus replication kinetics allows differentiation of highly virulent from avirulent strains

Mittelholzer, Christian; Moser, Christian; Tratschin, Jon-Duri; Hofmann, Martin

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00195-4

Cited by 178 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Clinical signs and lesions observed in infected pigs were in accordance with previous data describing the Eystrup strain as a highly virulent CSFV strain [26,30]. As revealed by viral RNA and NS3 protein detections, CSFV first invaded the tonsil, its entry site, and rapidly disseminated in the blood system, reaching the spleen between 24 and 48 hpi.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…CSFV highly virulent Eystrup strain [30] was kindly provided by Dr A. Summerfield (Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland) and propagated on porcine kidney cell line PK15. Virus titre was determined as previously described [29].…”

Section: Virus and Animal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, a group of 10 control pigs was non-inoculated and slaughtered in a batch of 6 at 0 hpi and in batches of 2 at 24 and 72 hpi. Clinical signs such as anorexia, depression, fever, purple skin discoloration, diarrhoea and cough, were observed daily during the experiment and scored as previously described [30]. Accepted principles of animal care were followed and pigs were sacrificed by intravenous booster of sodium pentobarbital in compliance with the animal welfare experimentation agreement given by the Direction des Services Vétérinaires des Côtes d'Armor (AFSSA registration No.…”

Section: Virus and Animal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classical swine fever virus induces activation of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells in tonsil, blood, and spleen of infected pigs

et al. 2007

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-Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) compromises the host immune system, causing indirect leucopoenia and disruption of in vitro T cell stimulation capacity. In order to explore the potential role of dendritic cells (DC) in such phenomena, the activation of conventional DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in blood and secondary lymphoid organs of infected pigs was investigated in the early time course post-inoculation (pi), together with viral components dissemination and cytokine production in serum. Whereas CD11R1 + CD172a + cDC frequencies were markedly reduced in blood and spleen, analysis of CD4 + CD172a + pDC numbers revealed a rapid turn-over of this DC subset in tissues pi. Both subsets matured and were activated after infection, as demonstrated by down-regulation of CD1a, up-regulation of the co-stimulation molecule CD80/86 and expression of cytokines. cDC essentially expressed tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-10, whereas pDC produced alpha interferon (IFN-α) and IL-12. IFN-α and TNF-α productions revealed an enhancement of innate anti-viral immune responses. Detection of antigen activated B lymphocytes in tonsil T-cell areas at 72 h pi, subsequently to the transient translocation of the viral E2 protein within germinal centres at 48 h pi, indicates the initiation of humoral response. This response was also evidenced by an important IL-10 production in serum one week pi. IL-12 expression in organs, as well as transient detection of IL-18 and IFN-γ in serum, reflected the initiation of cellular immune responses. However, the uncommonly high levels of TNF-α and IFN-α produced by DC and measured in serum early post-infection, together with IL-10 expression in spleen, could play a role in the disruption of immune system cells, either inducing apoptosis or impairing DC functionalities themselves.antigen presenting cells / secondary lymphoid organs / interferon / E2 antigen / pestivirus

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Virus and Animal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus and Animal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classical swine fever virus induces activation of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells in tonsil, blood, and spleen of infected pigs

et al. 2007

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“…Fever was defined as a body temperature higher than 40°C, for two or more consecutive days. For quantitative assessment of the severity of disease a list of ten CSF-relevant criteria, as described by Mittelholzer et al [17] was used. For each criterion a score was recorded of either normal (score 0), slightly altered (score 1), distinct clinical symptom (score 2), or severe CSF symptom (score 3).…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum and EDTA-blood samples were collected from each pig at days 0, 3,5,7,10,12,14,17,19,21,24,28, and 35 p.i. Serum samples were stored at À70°C until testing for antibodies in the ELISA and NPLA (neutralization peroxidase-linked assay).…”

Section: Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of strain and inoculation dose of classical swine fever virus on within-pen transmission

Weesendorp

Backer²,

Stegeman

et al. 2009

Vet. Res.

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-To improve the understanding of the dynamics and options for control of classical swine fever (CSF), more quantitative knowledge is needed on virus transmission. In this study, virus excretion and within-pen transmission of a strain of low, moderate and high virulence were quantified. Furthermore, the effect of inoculation dose on excretion and transmission were studied. The transmission was quantified using a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model. Five transmission trials were conducted with ten pigs each. In each trial, three pigs were inoculated with the low virulent strain Zoelen, a low (10 2 TCID 50 ), middle (10 3.5 TCID 50 ), or high dose (10 5 TCID 50 ) of the moderately virulent strain Paderborn, or the highly virulent strain Brescia. The other seven pigs in each trial served as contact pigs. None of the pigs inoculated with the low dose of the Paderborn strain were infected. When it was assumed that the infectiousness of the pigs coincided with virus isolation positive oropharyngeal fluid and/or faeces, no significant differences in transmission rate b and basic reproduction ratio R 0 between the high inoculation dose of the Paderborn strain (b = 1.62/day, R 0 = 35.9) and the Brescia strain (b = 2.07/day, R 0 = 17.5) were observed. When the middle dose of the Paderborn strain was used for inoculation, the b (5.38/day) was not significantly higher than the Brescia strain or the high inoculation dose of the Paderborn strain, but the R 0 (148) was significantly higher. Infection with the Zoelen strain resulted in a significantly lower b and R 0 (b = 0/day, R 0 = 0) than the other strains.classical swine fever / transmission parameter / virus excretion / within-pen transmission

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Pestiviruses

Kirkland¹,

Potier²,

Finlaison³

2019

Diseases of Swine

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Analysis of classical swine fever virus replication kinetics allows differentiation of highly virulent from avirulent strains

Cited by 178 publications

References 14 publications

Classical swine fever virus induces activation of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells in tonsil, blood, and spleen of infected pigs

Classical swine fever virus induces activation of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells in tonsil, blood, and spleen of infected pigs

Effect of strain and inoculation dose of classical swine fever virus on within-pen transmission

Pestiviruses

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