Analysis of Citrus Orchard Efficiency in Relation to Soil Properties

Srivastava, A. K.; Singh, Shyam

doi:10.1080/01904160701700566

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In this study, the AE and PFP of perennial fruit crops were significantly lower than those of annual fruit crops (Figures 8 and 10), due to the higher application rate of N, P, and K fertilizer in perennial fruit crops ( Figure 5). Moreover, perennial fruit crops generally had a higher nutrient utilization rate compared to annual fruit crops because the former crops have xylem stored nutrients, prolonged growth and development stages, and dense distribution of roots [66,67]. Thus, the projected AE and PFP of perennial fruit crops in China's fruit crops could be doubled through a decrease of fertilizer input and a yield increase in the future.…”

Section: Nutrient Use Efficiency Of Fruit Crops In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic Responses of Major Fruit Crops to Fertilization in China: A Meta-Analysis

Yang

Wang

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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With increasing application of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers, especially in China’s fruit crops, the agronomic responses of fruit crops to fertilization may be reduced with time. Thus, the quantification of these responses would be useful for establishing nutrient recommendation and fertilizer management for fruit crops. Here, a meta-analysis including 552 paired data for agronomic response and 1283 sets for amounts of optimal fertilization from 293 field studies in China were performed to systemically quantify these variations of yield response (YR), relative yield (RY), agronomic efficiency (AE), and partial factor productivity (PFP) in response to the application of N, P, or K fertilizer under different groups including fruit crop types, time, and regions. The results showed that the average YRs to N, P or K fertilizer were 7.6, 5.2, or 5.9 t ha−1, indicating related RYs of 78.0%, 82.9%, or 82.4%, respectively. All of the RYs for N, P, or K application in studies after 2000 were higher and less variable than those before 2000. Higher RYs were also shown for deciduous fruit trees when compared with evergreen fruit trees. The average AEs of N, P, and K fertilizer in China’s fruit crops were 29.1, 32.4 and 20.2 kg kg−1, all of them were negatively correlated with fertilizer rate. Due to a higher yield response and less fertilizer rate, annual crops (mainly watermelon and melons) had significantly higher AE than that of perennial crops. The average PFPs of N, P, and K fertilizer in China’s fruit crops were 129, 205, and 113 kg kg−1, all of which showed a declining trend with time. These findings demonstrated that the building-up of soil indigenous nutrient supply (indicated by RY) together with improving fruit varieties, as well as pest management and other forms of management could make external fertilization less important for increasing the yield of fruit crops in China. A rational nutrient management is therefore crucial for balancing yield and environmental concerns in countries like China, India, and other countries where fertilizers are often overused.

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Section: Nutrient Use Efficiency Of Fruit Crops In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic Responses of Major Fruit Crops to Fertilization in China: A Meta-Analysis

Yang

Wang

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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“…Considering the economics of citrus production, fertilizers alone on an average constitute about 20-30% of total cost of citrus production. This is a significant recurring expenditure; a grower needs to invest every year (Srivastava and Singh, 2008a). The mechanistic steps involved in absorption, translocation, and utilization of applied nutrients, all three being altogether different from one another, but are dependent on each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus nutrition: An Indian perspective

SRIVASTAVA¹

2022

APSR

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Diagnosis and management of nutrient constraints are the two important pillars of sound citrus fertilizer program, although its history in India is as old as cultivation of citrus. Of the different diagnostic tools (leaf nutrient standards, soil thresholds of soil available nutrients, metalloenzyme activity, inflorescence analysis, juice nutrient standards, xylem sap analysis); leaf and soil-based nutrient standards have established their superiority over the rest of the diagnostic methods. Optimum leaf nutrients standards developed for different commercial cultivars in India have further warranted the necessity of identifying nutrient constraints through cultivar specific diagnostics in order to inflict precision diagnosis. Similar observations were envisaged through optimum soil fertility limits suggested for Indian citrus cultivars, primarily governed by prevailing soil fertility constraints. Multi-location nutrient specific field response studies lacked heavily on the point of uniformity in yield and quality improvements when replicated at other locations. Site specific nutrient management studies demonstrated soil type-based fertilization, suggesting the fertilizers to be tailored as per canopy size within an orchard to derive rationality in fertilizer use within an orchard. Fertigation has further reduced the optimum fertilizer requirement by 30-40%, in addition to microbial consortium-based integrated nutrient management saving 30% cut from conventional RDF. Many other significant advances have taken place to improve the fertilizer-use-efficiency e.g. sensor-based variable rate application, fertigation using magnetized irrigation, open field hydroponics, and dual purpose microbially loaded substrate (organic manure) enriched with limited inorganic fertilizers collectively known as INM a plausible alternative.

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