Analysis of chick (Gallus gallus) middle ear columella formation

Wood, J.D.; Hughes, Ami; Mercer, Kathryn J; Chapman, Steve

doi:10.1186/1471-213x-10-16

Cited by 15 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Study of osteogenesis of periosteum cells in the columella has shown two initiation sites, an initial one in the shaft (main body) of the columella and then a second site at the base of the footplate (Wood et al, 2010). The relatively late differentiation of the footplate base in the chick is similar to our studies in the mouse, which have shown that the mesodermal part of the footplate develops later than the neural crest part.…”

Section: Stapedial Footplate and Otic Capsule Form Togethersupporting

confidence: 83%

The origin of the stapes and relationship to the otic capsule and oval window

Thompson

Ohazama

Sharpe

et al. 2012

Developmental Dynamics

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Background: The stapes, an ossicle found within the middle ear, is involved in transmitting sound waves to the inner ear by means of the oval window. There are several developmental problems associated with this ossicle and the oval window, which cause hearing loss. The developmental origin of these tissues has not been fully elucidated. Results: Using transgenic reporter mice, we have shown that the stapes is of dual origin with the stapedial footplate being composed of cells of both neural crest and mesodermal origin. Wnt1cre/Dicer mice fail to develop neural crest-derived cartilages, therefore, have no middle ear ossicles. We have shown in these mice the mesodermal stapedial footplate fails to form and the oval window is induced but underdeveloped. Conclusions: If the neural crest part of the stapes fails to form the mesodermal part does not develop, indicating that the two parts are interdependent. The stapes develops tightly associated with the otic capsule, however, it is not essential for the positioning of the oval window, suggesting that other tissues, perhaps within the inner ear are needed for oval window placement. Developmental Dynamics 241:1396-1404, 2012. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: stapes; oval window; neural crest; lineage labeling; mesoderm Key Findings:The stapedial footplate is of neural crest and mesoderm origin. The otic capsule contributes to the stapedial footplate. The neural crest component of the stapedial footplate is needed for development of the mesodermal component and for proper formation of the oval window. The position of the oval window appears independent of the stapes.

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Section: Stapedial Footplate and Otic Capsule Form Togethersupporting

confidence: 83%

The origin of the stapes and relationship to the otic capsule and oval window

Thompson

Ohazama

Sharpe

et al. 2012

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Immunostaining was carried out using our standard protocol [34]. Briefly, sections were blocked in PBS with 0.1% TritonX-100 and 0.2% bovine serum albumin (BSA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Gain-Of-Function Mutation of the Proneural IRX1 and IRX2 Genes Disrupts Axis Elongation in the Araucana Rumpless Chicken

et al. 2014

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Axis elongation of the vertebrate embryo involves the generation of cell lineages from posterior progenitor populations. We investigated the molecular mechanism governing axis elongation in vertebrates using the Araucana rumpless chicken. Araucana embryos exhibit a defect in axis elongation, failing to form the terminal somites and concomitant free caudal vertebrae, pygostyle, and associated tissues of the tail. Through whole genome sequencing of six Araucana we have identified a critical 130 kb region, containing two candidate causative SNPs. Both SNPs are proximal to the IRX1 and IRX2 genes, which are required for neural specification. We show that IRX1 and IRX2 are both misexpressed within the bipotential chordoneural hinge progenitor population of Araucana embryos. Expression analysis of BRA and TBX6, required for specification of mesoderm, shows that both are downregulated, whereas SOX2, required for neural patterning, is expressed in ectopic epithelial tissue. Finally, we show downregulation of genes required for the protection and maintenance of the tailbud progenitor population from the effects of retinoic acid. Our results support a model where the disruption in balance of mesoderm and neural fate results in early depletion of the progenitor population as excess neural tissue forms at the expense of mesoderm, leading to too few mesoderm cells to form the terminal somites. Together this cascade of events leads to axis truncation.

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“…Ossification begins in the shaft at the proximal end, then in the footplate, and proceeds up the shaft toward the distal extracolumella, forming the joint region with the cartilaginous extracolumella (2, 25–27). …”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The function of the middle ear is to transmit and amplify sound from the external environment, across the middle ear cavity, to the inner ear (1, 2). The middle ear is a composite organ, produced from all three germ layers, and the neural crest contributing to its development (3–7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can you hear me now? Understanding vertebrate middle ear development

Chapman¹

2011

Front Biosci

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The middle ear is a composite organ formed from all three germ layers and the neural crest. It provides the link between the outside world and the inner ear, where sound is transduced and routed to the brain for processing. Extensive classical and modern studies have described the complex morphology and origin of the middle ear. Non-mammalian vertebrates have a single ossicle, the columella. Mammals have three functionally equivalent ossicles, designated the malleus, incus and stapes. In this review, I focus on the role of genes known to function in the middle ear. Genetic studies are beginning to unravel the induction and patterning of the multiple middle ear elements including the tympanum, skeletal elements, the air-filled cavity, and the insertion point into the inner ear oval window. Future studies that elucidate the integrated spatio-temporal signaling mechanisms required to pattern the middle ear organ system are needed. The longer-term translational benefits of understanding normal and abnormal ear development will have a direct impact on human health outcomes.

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Analysis of chick (Gallus gallus) middle ear columella formation

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

The origin of the stapes and relationship to the otic capsule and oval window

The origin of the stapes and relationship to the otic capsule and oval window

A Novel Gain-Of-Function Mutation of the Proneural IRX1 and IRX2 Genes Disrupts Axis Elongation in the Araucana Rumpless Chicken

Can you hear me now? Understanding vertebrate middle ear development

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