Analysis of chemical structure of wood charcoal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

A Puzzling 14C Result Obtained for a Carbonized Wood Sample Embedded in Volcanic Lava

“…We have not observed any charcoal-like structure in the outer crust; instead, we see an amorphous structure depleted in carbon content. On the other hand, the inner core sample shows characteristics of modestly well-preserved charcoal in Figure 7 FTIR absorption spectra (a) from Nishiyama et al (1988) showing the respective spectrum of the modern wood charcoals by carbonization temperature and their comparisons, (b) to Dong-sam-dong wood and (c) to charcoals from Jeongokri, to the measured spectra from samples in Figure 6. all analytic methods applied in our present study.…”

“…Our results suggest that Si and Fe have replaced some of the C in the outer samples. Figure 6 shows the measured spectra from the samples compared to those from the literatures, which had treated the FTIR measurement of modern wood charcoals by carbonization temperature and the fossil charcoals (Nishiyama et al 1988;Cohen-Ofri et al 2006;Rebollo et al 2008). It shows that the spectrum of Dong-sam-dong wood has the most absorbance peaks and shows O-H stretching vibrational mode peak (~3300 cm 1 ), corresponding to H 2 O molecules or hydration, even though all samples were dried in the oven before measurement.…”

“…Figure 7 also shows spectra of the modern wood charcoals as they undergo various carbonization temperatures (Nishiyama et al 1988) and the spectra of Figure 6 for comparison. It also shows that the spectrum for the inner core is similar to the spectrum for the carbonized charcoal at 300 or 600 C.…”

Nickel-catalyzed carbonization of wood for coproduction of functional carbon and fluid fuels I: production of crystallized mesoporous carbon

“…Parameters employed for evaluating mesoporosity were Sm and Vm, and their standards were settled on 140 m , respectively, by assuming the application of mesoporous carbon obtained to liquid phase adsorption of macromolecules. 19,20 In addition, Rv, which is defined as the ratio of Vm to Vt, was used to check the selectivity of mesopore as before. 13 …”

“…Japanese larch wood loaded with nickel (1-4 %) alone or both nickel and calcium (0.25-1.5 %) was carbonized at 800-900°C for 0-120 min with a heating rate of [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] -1 in a helium flow of 5.8-46.4 mlSTPcm -2 min -1 to examine the influence of these variables on the crystallization of carbon (the formation of T component) and the development of mesoporosity. From results obtained, reaction conditions proper to effectively produce carbon with the dual function of practically adequate electroconductivity and adsorption capacity in liquid phase were established, thereby explaining what factors would govern the process.…”