Analysis of chemical constituents, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of dichloromethane extracts of Sordariomycetes sp. endophytic fungi isolated from Strobilanthes crispus

Abstract

Plants are primary source of natural product drugs. However, with every new bioactive molecule reported from a plant source, there follows reports of endangered status or even extinction of a medicinally important plant due to over-harvesting. Hence, the attention turned towards fungi namely the endophytes, which reside within medicinally important plants and thus may have acquired their medicinal properties. Strobilanthes crispus is a traditional medicinal plant which has been used traditionally to treat kidney stones, diabetes, hypertension and cancer as well as having antimicrobial activities. In our efforts to bioprospect for anticancer and antimicrobial metabolites, two fungal endophytes most closely related to the Sordariomycetes sp. showed promising results. Sample (PDA)BL3 showed highest significant antimicrobial activity against 6 bacteria at 200 µg/disc whereas sample (PDA)BL5 has highest significant anticancer activity against all 5 cancer cell lines at concentrations ranging from 30 to 300 μg/ml. As for the gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results, a total of 20 volatile metabolites identified from sample (PDA)BL3 and 21 volatile metabolites identified from sample (PDA)BL5 having more than 1% abundance. Both GC-MS analysis showed that compound Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) has the highest abundance at 15.10% abundance for sample (PDA)BL3 and 19.00% abundance for sample (PDA)BL5 respectively. In conclusion, these results have shown bio-prospecting potential of endophytic fungi having antimicrobial and anticancer activities as well as its potential secondary metabolites of interest. Therefore, this work has further indicated the medicinal and industrial potential of endophytic fungi.

Bioprospection of actinobacteria derived from freshwater sediments for their potential to produce antimicrobial compounds

“…Only pyrrolo [1, 2-a] pyrazine-1, 4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) out of the six compounds detected from the extract of Streptomyces sp. DST119 has been previously reported for its antimicrobial activity [ 78 , 79 ]. Two of the seven compounds, carbonic acid, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl undec-10-enyl ester and 1-butanol, 2-methyl-acetate from the extract of Streptomyces flavogriseus DST52 were reported earlier for their antimicrobial activities [ 80 – 82 ].…”

Plant growth-promoting activities for bacterial and fungal endophytes isolated from medicinal plant of Teucrium polium L.

“…Suppression of microbial growth by crude filtrate of endophytes was determined in order to investigate antimicrobial activity of endophytes [49] . Results showed that all isolated endophytes displayed significant inhibition zone against at least one of the tested microbial pathogens.…”

Endophytic Fungus Isolated From Achyrocline satureioides Exhibits Selective Antiglioma Activity—The Role of Sch-642305

“…Since an endophyte can produce a complex mixture of compounds, it becomes interesting to extract bioactive compounds using organic solvents in increasing order of polarity ( 21 , 41 ). Overall, microbial metabolites released into the liquid culture medium by the endophytic fungus are often extracted with DCM and EtAc ( 21 , 42 , 43 ). In this study, DCM and EtAc were employed as solvents of lower and higher polarity, respectively, to obtain the secondary metabolite compounds produced by MF31b11.…”