Analysis of Cellular Immune Responses in Lepidopteran Larvae

Becchimanzi, Andrea; Lelio, Ilaria Di; Pennacchio, Francesco; Caccia, Silvia

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0259-1_6

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Subsequently, melanization of microorganisms occurs because of the activation of the PO cascade. Finally, these melanized nodules efficiently isolate bacteria from the hemolymph [ 34 , 63 , 125 , 126 ]. Encapsulation occurs when the pathogens are relatively larger in size, such as parasites and nematodes.…”

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Encapsulation occurs when the pathogens are relatively larger in size, such as parasites and nematodes. This type of immune response also recruits various hemocytes ( Figure 2 ) [ 34 , 125 , 126 ]. The invading organisms are killed by reactive cytotoxic products or by asphyxia [ 127 ], and melanization involved in the process of encapsulation helps to eliminate the infection from the hemolymph [ 108 , 128 ].…”

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Xiao

Yao

Bai

et al. 2023

Insects

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the safest, economically successful entomopathogen to date. It is extensively produced in transgenic crops or used in spray formulations to control Lepidopteran pests. The most serious threat to the sustainable usage of Bt is insect resistance. The resistance mechanisms to Bt toxins depend not only on alterations in insect receptors, but also on the enhancement of insect immune responses. In this work, we review the current knowledge of the immune response and resistance of insects to Bt formulations and Bt proteins, mainly in Lepidopteran pests. We discuss the pattern recognition proteins for recognizing Bt, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic signaling pathways, the prophenoloxidase system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, nodulation, encapsulation, phagocytosis, and cell-free aggregates, which are involved in immune response reactions or resistance to Bt. This review also analyzes immune priming, which contributes to the evolution of insect resistance to Bt, and puts forward strategies to improve the insecticidal activity of Bt formulations and manage insect resistance, targeting the insect immune responses and resistance.

show abstract

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Xiao

Yao

Bai

et al. 2023

Insects

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Silencing efficiency was evaluated by qRT-PCR, as described below, and the impact of gene silencing on cellular immune competence was assessed by measuring the encapsulation index of chromatography beads in fifth instar larvae fed, from the fourth instar, with the experimental tobacco leaves as described above. The encapsulation assay was carried out as previously described (Di Lelio et al 2014;Becchimanzi et al 2019).…”

Section: Time Course Of Sl 102 Gene Silencing and Immune Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic plants expressing immunosuppressive dsRNA improve entomopathogen efficacy against Spodoptera littoralis larvae

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transgenic plants that express double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting vital insect genes have recently emerged as a valuable new tool for pest control. In this study, tobacco plants were transformed to produce dsRNA targeting Sl 102 gene that is involved in the immune response of Spodoptera littoralis larvae, a serious lepidopteran pest of several crops. Experimental larvae reared on transgenic tobacco lines showed (1) a strongly reduced level of Sl 102 transcripts, which was positively associated with food consumption; (2) a substantial impairment of the encapsulation response mediated by hemocytes; and (3) a marked increase in the susceptibility to Xentari™, a Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticide. Importantly, this approach may allow a reduction in the doses of B. thuringiensis used for field applications and enhance its killing activity on mature larvae. The results obtained thus support the use of immunosuppressive RNAi plants to enhance the performance of microbial insecticides on lepidopteran larvae.

show abstract

Research progress of aphid immunity system: Potential effective target for green pest management

Sun,

Meng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Insect Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the absence of acquired immunity, insects primarily rely on their innate immune system to resist pathogenic microorganisms and parasitoids in natural habitats. This innate immune system can be classified into cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Cellular immunity is mediated by hemocytes, which perform phagocytosis, aggregation, and encapsulation to fight against invaders, whereas the humoral immunity primarily activates the immune signaling pathways and induces the generation of immune effectors. Existing studies have revealed that the hemipteran aphids lack some crucial immune genes compared to other insect species, indicating the different immune mechanisms in aphids. The current review summarizes the adverse impacts of pathogenic microorganisms and parasitoids on aphids, introduces the cellular and humoral immune systems in insects, and analyzes the differences between aphids and other insect species. Furthermore, our review also discussed the existing prospects and challenges in aphid immunity research, and proposed the potential application of immune genes in green pest management.

show abstract

Analysis of Cellular Immune Responses in Lepidopteran Larvae

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Transgenic plants expressing immunosuppressive dsRNA improve entomopathogen efficacy against Spodoptera littoralis larvae

Research progress of aphid immunity system: Potential effective target for green pest management

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About