Analysis of cell death and cell proliferation in embryonic stages, normal adult, and aging prostates in human and animals

Sensibar, Julia A.

doi:10.1002/jemt.1070300409

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Proliferative activity in the rat prostate is not confined to the basal cells, which were isolated and often absent in some portions of the acini. It has been reported that the main proliferating cells in the prostate are the columnar (luminal) cells [55]. Previous researchers [56] had shown no positive relation between diabetes and development of prostate cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of experimentally induced diabetes on adult albino ratsʼ ventral prostate gland and role of selenium

El-Haleem

Zidan

2011

The Egyptian Journal of Histology

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IntroductionThe relationship between the occurrence of benign hyperplasia and prostatic cancer with diabetes is a controversial issue. Selenium has been found to alleviate diabetic complications in many organs. Aim of the study To clarify the impact of diabetes on the histological structure of the albino rats' ventral prostate gland and the possible role of selenium supplementation. Materials and methodsThirty adult male albino rats were divided equally into three groups. Group 1 served as control. Group 2 was given a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin. Group 3 in which the rats, 1 week after diabetes induction, received 2 mg/kg body weight/day sodium selenite orally. Thirty days after diabetes induction, all rats were weighed, anesthetized, and sacrificed. The ventral prostatic lobes were dissected out, weighed, and processed for light and electron microscope examinations. The area percentage of collagen fibers, epithelial height, and acinar diameter were morphometrically measured. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS program. ResultsExamination of the ventral prostate gland of rats from group 2 revealed that the diameter of most acini was highly significantly increased when comparing it with group 1. The epithelial height of their acini was highly significantly decreased when comparing with group 1. Acini were lined by flat-to-low cuboidal cells with few papillary projections. The acinar lining showed focal areas of stratification. Few acini had columnar epithelium. Most cells had irregular-shaped nuclei, a dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous electron-lucent vacuoles, and few secretory granules. Areas of irregular basement membrane were seen. Thick bundles of collagen fibers and cellular infiltration were seen. Examination of group 3 revealed that it nearly regained its normal architecture. Most acini had many papillary projections and were lined by columnar cells. Acinar cells had euchromatic basal nuclei, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and secretory granules of different sizes and densities, which might seem almost vacuolated with minimum secretory content. The body and prostatic weights were highly significantly lowered in group 2 in comparison with groups 1 and 3. Conclusion Diabetes mellitus had a deleterious effect on the histological structure of the ventral prostate gland, and selenium could ameliorate diabetic effects on the prostate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of experimentally induced diabetes on adult albino ratsʼ ventral prostate gland and role of selenium

El-Haleem

Zidan

2011

The Egyptian Journal of Histology

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“…AR is expressed in both basal and luminal cells of the prostatic epithelium where its primary role is to promote expression of genes involved in terminal differentiation, secretion and suppression of proliferation to maintain homeostasis [12,19,20,21,22,23,24]. …”

Section: The Androgen Receptor Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

AR Signaling and the PI3K Pathway in Prostate Cancer

Crumbaker

Khoja

Joshua

2017

Cancers

133

119

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Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Aberrant signaling in the androgen pathway is critical in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Despite ongoing reliance on androgen receptor (AR) signaling in castrate resistant disease, in addition to the development of potent androgen targeting drugs, patients invariably develop treatment resistance. Interactions between the AR and PI3K pathways may be a mechanism of treatment resistance and inhibitors of this pathway have been developed with variable success. Herein we outline the role of the PI3K pathway in prostate cancer and, in particular, its association with androgen receptor signaling in the pathogenesis and evolution of prostate cancer, as well as a review of the clinical utility of PI3K targeting.

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“…Androgens are required for prostate gland development and for prostatic function and glandular maintenance in the adult male [1]. Androgen action is mediated through the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repression of Androgen Receptor Transcription through the E2F1/DNMT1 Axis

et al. 2011

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Although androgen receptor (AR) function has been extensively studied, regulation of the AR gene itself has been much less characterized. In this study, we observed a dramatic reduction in the expression of androgen receptor mRNA and protein in hyperproliferative prostate epithelium of keratin 5 promoter driven E2F1 transgenic mice. To confirm an inhibitory function for E2F1 on AR transcription, we showed that E2F1 inhibited the transcription of endogenous AR mRNA, subsequent AR protein, and AR promoter activity in both human and mouse epithelial cells. E2F1 also inhibited androgen-stimulated activation of two AR target gene promoters. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of E2F-mediated inhibition of AR, we evaluated the effects of two functional E2F1 mutants on AR promoter activity and found that the transactivation domain appears to mediate E2F1 repression of the AR promoter. Because DNMT1 is a functional intermediate of E2F1 we examined DNMT1 function in AR repression. Repression of endogenous AR in normal human prostate epithelial cells was relieved by DNMT1 shRNA knock down. DNMT1 was shown to be physically associated within the AR minimal promoter located 22 bps from the transcription start site; however, methylation remained unchanged at the promoter regardless of DNMT1 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that DNMT1 operates either as a functional intermediary or in cooperation with E2F1 inhibiting AR gene expression in a methylation independent manner.

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Analysis of cell death and cell proliferation in embryonic stages, normal adult, and aging prostates in human and animals

Cited by 16 publications

References 66 publications

Effect of experimentally induced diabetes on adult albino ratsʼ ventral prostate gland and role of selenium

Effect of experimentally induced diabetes on adult albino ratsʼ ventral prostate gland and role of selenium

AR Signaling and the PI3K Pathway in Prostate Cancer

Repression of Androgen Receptor Transcription through the E2F1/DNMT1 Axis

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