Analysis of carbon emissions from land cover change during 2000 to 2020 in Shandong Province, China

Abstract

Land cover change affects the carbon emissions of ecosystems in some way. The qualitative and quantitative understanding of carbon emissions from human activities (e.g., land cover change, industrial production, etc.) is highly significant for realizing the objective of carbon neutrality. Therefore, this paper used GlobeLand30 land cover maps, annual average normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, annual average net ecosystem productivity (NEP) data and statistical yearbook data from 2000 to 2020 to explore the relationship between land cover change and carbon emissions. Specifically, it included land cover change, carbon storage changes influenced by land cover change, spatial and temporal analysis of carbon sources and sinks, land use intensity change and anthropogenic carbon emissions. The results of the study show that the main land cover changes in Shandong province during 2000–2020 was cultivated land conversion to artificial surfaces. Among them, the area of cultivated land converted to artificial surfaces from 2000 to 2010 was 4930.62 km2, and the proportion of cultivated land converted to artificial surfaces from 2010 to 2020 was as high as 78.35%. The total carbon stock of vegetation affected by land cover change decreased by 463.96 × 104 t and 193.50 × 104 t in 2000–2010 and 2010–2020 respectively. The spatial and temporal distribution of carbon sources and sinks differed more markedly from 2000 to 2020, and land use intensity changes in Shandong Province showed an upward trend. Of the total energy production, industry has the largest energy consumption, followed closely by total energy consumption in transportation, storage and postal services.

Trade-Off Analyses of Multiple Ecosystem Services and Their Drivers in the Shandong Yellow River Basin

“…The study area has witnessed significant urbanization since 2000, with the share of built-up land area increasing from 13.14% in 2000 to 18.13% in 2020, and city expansion has taken up a large quantity of arable land, forest land, and other land types. The structure of the ecosystem has changed as a result of the rapid shift of land-use types, and its functions have been considerably impacted [ 43 ].…”

A Sub-Seasonal Crop Information Identification Framework for Crop Rotation Mapping in Smallholder Farming Areas with Time Series Sentinel-2 Imagery

“…The terrain of Shandong is predominantly plain or mountainous hilly areas with complex topography [21]. The western and northern parts belong to the North China Plain, the mountainous and hilly areas are located in the south-central part of the country, while the eastern part is a peninsular region bordering the sea [22,23]. Shandong is situated in the warm temperate zone, with a suitable climate, abundant sunshine, and concentrated precipitation [24].…”

Effects of China’s land-intensive use on carbon emission reduction: A new perspective of industrial structure upgrading

“…It has been pointed out that land use intensity is an essential influencing factor in carbon emission changes (Beetz et al, 2013). Zhu et al (2022) studied Shandong as an example and pointed out that there was variability land use intensity and carbon emissions nexus. Chuai et al (2019) found that carbon emissions increase with a continuous increase in land use intensity in Nanjing city, which is consistent with the results of Zhang and Wu (2022) were similar.…”

“…Wang et al (2019) concluded that there is a relationship between high input, high output, and high energy consumption in land use, but urban-intensive land use will be beneficial to achieve low carbon development. However, Zhu et al (2022) came to a different conclusion, stating that at this stage, the increase in intensive land use in China's province will significantly and negatively affect carbon emissions while the spillover effect from neighboring provinces is not significant.…”