Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update covering the period 2001–2002

Abstract

This review is the second update of the original review on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates that was published in 1999. It covers fundamental aspects of the technique as applied to carbohydrates, fragmentation of carbohydrates, studies of specific carbohydrate types such as those from plant cell walls and those attached to proteins and lipids, studies of glycosyl-transferases and glycosidases, and studies where MALDI has been used to monitor products of chemical synthesis. Use of the technique shows a steady annual increase at the expense of older techniques such as FAB. There is an increasing emphasis on its use for examination of biological systems rather than on studies of fundamental aspects and method development and this is reflected by much of the work on applications appearing in tabular form.

Correlation between Sweet Spots of Glycopeptides and Polymorphism of the Matrix Crystal in MALDI Samples

“…1) as described previously. 19) e stable isotope labeling of NA2-IRNKS was done by β-galactosidase digestion followed by incubation with β-galactosyltrasferase (Takara Bio, 0.8 mU) and UDP- [1,2,3,4,5,6] 13 C-Galactose (1 nmol) in a sodium phosphate bu er, pH 7.0, overnight.…”

“…[2][3][4][5][6] In the process of preparing a dried-droplet sample using solid matrices, complex processes such as drying of the solvent, moving of the droplet and crystallization of the matrix occur on the MALDI target plate. In these processes, many factors, including surface tension, lead to an inhomogeneous distribution of the individual crystal size near the rim of the preparations.…”

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis of oligosaccharides and oligosaccharide alditols obtained by hydrolysis of agaroses and carrageenans, two important types of red seaweed polysaccharides

“…13,14 Recently, MALDI mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) has become a major technique for the analysis of carbohydrates being their structural complexity a major problem for these studies. [16][17][18] Particularly, sulfated oligosaccharides are difficult to analyze by this technique, partly because of the labile nature of the sulfate group. [16][17][18] Results can be erratic, indicating that there are still several unknown structural and experimental factors that affect the measurements.…”

Negative-ion MALDI-MS2 for discrimination of α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation on glycopeptides labeled with a pyrene derivative

“…MALDI-MS has several advantages over other mass spectroscopic techniques due to the relative simplicity of spectral interpretation, rapid analysis and repeated measurement of the same sample. Thus, MALDI-MS has been used in a wide variety of applications for the analysis of glycans [6][7][8]. In particular, a collision-induced dissociation (CID) technique combined with MALDI-MS will be indispensable for the structural determination of glycans because of the plethora of isomeric structures.…”