Analysis of carbides formed during accelerated aging of 2·25Cr–1Mo steel

Abdellatif, Abdallah; Corbett, J. M.; Taplin, D. M. R.

doi:10.1179/030634582790427181

Cited by 59 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Gope et al classified the morphology of carbides into three types: fine platelet-shaped carbide for Mo 2 C, rectangular parallelpiped carbide for M 23 C 6 , and globular carbide for M 6 C carbide. [15][16][17][18][19][20] The average sizes of globular, rectangular, and acicular carbides were 0.11, 0.13, and 0.03 mm, respectively. All three types of carbides coarsen with increasing degradation time, and their particle sizes range between 0.03 and 0.19 mm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peak intensity of XRD was closely related to the relative volume fraction of any phase (i.e., carbide) in the test materials, due to the strong influences of the amount of diffracted phase and the test conditions. In this ferritic 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, the M 23 C 6 carbide has been reported to be so stable that there was no specific change 15,16) and thus is sufficient as a fixed standard for the majority of precipitates in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel. Therefore, the variation in the volume fraction of M 6 C carbide was measured with the peak intensity ratio (I M 6 C =I M 23 C 6 ) of XRD at each specimen, where I M 6 C and I M 23 C 6 are the peak intensities of M 6 C (42.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural Degradation Assessment in Pressure Vessel Steel by Harmonic Generation Technique

KIM

PARK

2008

J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.

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The harmonic generation technique has been used to characterize the isothermal degradation of pressure vessel steel. The isothermal degradation was conducted at 630 C with forged 2.25Cr-1Mo steel. The variation in the normalized ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter (= 0 ) was interpreted as having resulted from microstructural evolution, which was supported by the results of electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, in addition to Vickers hardness and ductile-brittle transition temperature. The normalized ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter increased progressively with the isothermal degradation time due to the increase in the volume fraction of equilibrium M 6 C carbide and the variation in the lattice parameter of M 23 C 6 carbide. It was found that the nonlinearity parameter was very sensitive to the microstructure during the isothermal degradation of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel. The harmonic generation technique has the potential to assess microstructural changes due to isothermal degradation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Degradation Assessment in Pressure Vessel Steel by Harmonic Generation Technique

KIM

PARK

2008

J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.

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“…Abdel-Latif et al [10] reported a decrease in the volume fraction of acicular particles and an increase in the overall inter-particle spacing in a T22 steel after prolonged service. Gope et al [11] observed coarsening of M 23 C 6 from 0.5 µm to 0.8 µm and M 6 C from 0.2 µm to 0.4 µm subject to creep tests at 853 K (580°C) for about 15,000 hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Evaluation of Microstructure Changes in 9Cr-1Mo and 2.25Cr-1Mo Steels Using Electromagnetic Sensors

Liu

Strangwood

Davis

et al. 2013

Metall Mater Trans A

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Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way.Publisher's statement: "The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1938-x ." A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Abstract This paper presents results from a multi-frequency electromagnetic sensor used to evaluate the microstructural changes in 9Cr-1Mo and 2.25Cr-1Mo power generation steels after tempering and elevated temperature service exposure. Electromagnetic sensors detect microstructural changes in steels due to changes in the relative permeability and resistivity.It was found that the low frequency inductance value is particularly sensitive to the different relative permeability values of both steels in the different microstructural conditions. The changes in relative permeability have been quantitatively correlated with the microstruc-

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“…combined with loading (Shoji and Takahashi, 1987;Schwant and Timo, 1985;Nahm et al , 1998). Particularly, the turbine rotor steeldegradation is caused by the micro-structural change such as precipitation of carbide and decrease of solid element within matrix, and the distribution of macroscopic defects such as void or crack (Abdel-Latif et al, , 1982). One well known evaluation technique for the toughness degradation of turbine rotor steel is to use FATT (Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature) which is very closely related with the morphology of fracture surface (Coster and Chermant, 1983;Underwood and Banerji., 1986;Saouma et al, 1990;Mandelbrot et al, 1984;Tanaka, 1993;Williford, 1988;Wang et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on fracture surface of aged turbine rotor steel by fractal dimension

Kim

Nahm

2001

KSME International Journal

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Since fracture surface presents clear evidence to describe the circumstances of material failure event, analysis of fracture surface should provide plenty of useful information for failure prevention. Thus if we extract proper information from the fracture surface, the safety evaluation for plant component could be more accurate. In general, the chaotic morphology of fracture surface is determined by the degree of material degradation as well as by other factors such as type of load, geometry of specimen, notch condition, microstructure of material and environment. In this research, we developed a fractal analysis technology for the fracture surface of aged turbine rotor steel based on the slit-island technique using an image analyzer. Moreover the correlation between the fractal dimension and the aging time was studied.

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Analysis of carbides formed during accelerated aging of 2·25Cr–1Mo steel

Cited by 59 publications

References 18 publications

Microstructural Degradation Assessment in Pressure Vessel Steel by Harmonic Generation Technique

Microstructural Degradation Assessment in Pressure Vessel Steel by Harmonic Generation Technique

Magnetic Evaluation of Microstructure Changes in 9Cr-1Mo and 2.25Cr-1Mo Steels Using Electromagnetic Sensors

A study on fracture surface of aged turbine rotor steel by fractal dimension

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