Analysis of cannabinoids in urine samples of short-term and long-term consumers of hemp seed products

Baeck, Seungkyung; Kim, Byung-Joo; Cho, Byungsuk; Kim, Eun‐Mi

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109997

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…1 There are several published materials describing GC-based analysis of various urine samples for the presence of phytocannabinoids and their metabolites. 104,106,108,113,[119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] Several extraction methods, for example, liquid-liquid extraction, disposable pipette extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and automated online SPE, as well as QuEChERS extraction kits have been applied for sample preparation for the GC-FID, GC-MS, or GC-MS/MS analysis.…”

Section: An Interesting Gc-ms-based Study Has Recently Been Conductedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessment of a natural extraction phase in bisorbent-based disposable pipette extraction coupled with the sub-minute determination of THCA (11) in human urine by fast-GC-FID was reported by Mores et al 121 GC-MS in combination with a COBAS C311 automated analyser was used for the determination of CBD (3), CBN (7), and THCA (11) in urine samples. 122 This study explored whether the cannabinoids CBD (3), CBDA (4), and CBN (7) could be detected in the urine of short-term (1 week) and long-term (12 weeks) consumers of hemp seed products. Sim et al 123 utilised injection port derivatisation using EtOAc and N,O-bis (trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide containing 1% trimethylchlorosilane for the GC-MS analysis of urine samples for the analysis of phytocannabinoids, for example, THCA (11).…”

Section: An Interesting Gc-ms-based Study Has Recently Been Conductedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of gas chromatography in the analysis of phytocannabinoids: An update (2020–2023)

Nahar,

Gavril,

Sarker

2023

Phytochemical Analysis

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IntroductionCannabinoids are a group of compounds that bind to cannabinoid receptors. They possess pharmacological properties like that of the plant Cannabis sativa. Gas chromatography (GC) is one of the popular chromatographic techniques that has been routinely used in the analysis of cannabinoids in different matrices.ObjectiveThe article aims to review the literature on the application of GC‐based analytical methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids published during the period from January 2020 to August 2023.MethodologyA thorough literature search was conducted using different databases, like Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant published materials including published books. The keywords used, in various combinations, with cannabinoids being present in all combinations, in the search were cannabinoids, Cannabis sativa, marijuana, analysis, GC, quantitative, qualitative, and quality control. From the search results, only the publications that incorporate the GC analysis of phytocannabinoids were reviewed, and papers on synthetic cannabinoids were excluded.ResultsSince the publication of the review article on GC analysis of phytocannabinoids in early 2020, several GC‐based methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids have appeared in the literature. While simple 1D GC–mass spectrometry (MS) and GC–flame ionisation detector (FID) methods are still quite common in phytocannabinoids analysis, 2D GC‐MS and GC‐MS/MS are increasingly becoming popular, as these techniques offer more useful data for identification and quantification of phytocannabinoids in various matrices. The use of automation in sample preparation and the utilisation of mathematical and computational models for optimisation of different protocols have become a norm in phytocannabinoids analysis. Pre‐analyses have been found to incorporate different derivatisation techniques and environmentally friendly extraction protocols.ConclusionsGC‐based analysis of phytocannabinoids, especially using GC‐MS, remains one of the most preferred methods for the analysis of these compounds. New derivatisation methods, ionisation techniques, mathematical models, and computational approaches for method optimisation have been introduced.

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Section: An Interesting Gc-ms-based Study Has Recently Been Conductedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Interesting Gc-ms-based Study Has Recently Been Conductedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of gas chromatography in the analysis of phytocannabinoids: An update (2020–2023)

Nahar,

Gavril,

Sarker

2023

Phytochemical Analysis

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“…The detection depends on how often the person uses marijuana ( Dolan et al, 2004 ). A recent study was performed to determine whether THC, CBD, and cannabinol (CBN) are detected in the urine at 1 and 12 weeks after consuming hemp products ( Baeck et al, 2019 ). GC/MS was used for simultaneous analysis of the three substances and found that consumption does not cause positive Cannabis urine test results.…”

Section: Cannabis In Human Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging Disciplines: Applications of Forensic Science and Industrial Hemp

2022

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Forensic laboratories are required to have analytical tools to confidently differentiate illegal substances such as marijuana from legal products (i.e., industrial hemp). The Achilles heel of industrial hemp is its association with marijuana. Industrial hemp from the Cannabis sativa L. plant is reported to be one of the strongest natural multipurpose fibers on earth. The Cannabis plant is a vigorous annual crop broadly separated into two classes: industrial hemp and marijuana. Up until the eighteenth century, hemp was one of the major fibers in the United States. The decline of its cultivation and applications is largely due to burgeoning manufacture of synthetic fibers. Traditional composite materials such as concrete, fiberglass insulation, and lumber are environmentally unfavorable. Industrial hemp exhibits environmental sustainability, low maintenance, and high local and national economic impacts. The 2018 Farm Bill made way for the legalization of hemp by categorizing it as an ordinary agricultural commodity. Unlike marijuana, hemp contains less than 0.3% of the cannabinoid, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive compound which gives users psychotropic effects and confers illegality in some locations. On the other hand, industrial hemp contains cannabidiol found in the resinous flower of Cannabis and is purported to have multiple advantageous uses. There is a paucity of investigations of the identity, microbial diversity, and biochemical characterizations of industrial hemp. This review provides background on important topics regarding hemp and the quantification of total tetrahydrocannabinol in hemp products. It will also serve as an overview of emergent microbiological studies regarding hemp inflorescences. Further, we examine challenges in using forensic analytical methodologies tasked to distinguish legal fiber-type material from illegal drug-types.

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“…Hempseed is rich in vitamins (A, C, and E), micro‐ and macroelements (magnesium, phosphorus, potassium), β‐carotene, protein (on average 23%), soluble fiber (on average 12%), and oil (on average 30%) (Baeck et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid profile and safety aspects of the edible oil prepared by artisans' at small‐scale agricultural companies

Bartkienė

Bartkevičs

Bērziņa

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Nowadays, the popularity of plant-based edible oils is on the rise; they are gaining the interest of consumers because of their functional and health-promoting properties (Vasseghian et al., 2020). Moreover, consumers are increasingly choosing nontraditional oils in search of new food sensory properties and greater functionality.For this reason, edible oils prepared from sea buckthorn, mustard, flaxseed, hempseed, and camelina seeds at small-scale agriculture companies are gaining popularity.Oil prepared from sea buckthorn has a high content of palmitoleic acid; however, oils prepared from seeds and pulp have a different fatty acid (FA) profile (Ciesarová et al., 2020). Sea buckthorn seeds contain 12.5% oil, and the whole fruits, on average, 10% (Zielińska & Nowak, 2017). In addition, sea buckthorn is rich in tocopherols and other bioactive compounds (Olas, 2018;Tudor et al., 2020).

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Analysis of cannabinoids in urine samples of short-term and long-term consumers of hemp seed products

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Application of gas chromatography in the analysis of phytocannabinoids: An update (2020–2023)

Application of gas chromatography in the analysis of phytocannabinoids: An update (2020–2023)

Bridging Disciplines: Applications of Forensic Science and Industrial Hemp

Fatty acid profile and safety aspects of the edible oil prepared by artisans' at small‐scale agricultural companies

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