Analysis of Canalis sinuosus prevalence by cone beam computed tomographs (CBCT)

Abstract

The aims of this study were to map the main locations of Canalis sinuosus (CS), to (i) identify accessory foramina in the hard palate region, (ii) indicate the prevalence, and (iii) view them when using CBCT images. A sample of 230 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations was obtained. The CBCT images that were generated by a multiplanar reconstruction of the axial and/or coronal planes were evaluated by On Demand 3D™ Dental software. The prevalence of Canalis sinuosus was 224 (97.4%). The examinations had at least one accessory foramen in the maxilla, with corticalization present in 189 (82.1%) for all of those evaluated. The presence of the one accessory foramen was in the anterior palate in 174 (75.65%), on both sides. The highest number was present in 149 examinations (64.8%) on the right side. The bilateral presence of this structure occurred in almost half of the examinations. The most common CS was Classification 3, near to the upper lateral incisor region, for both sides. It was clear that when planning for surgical interventions in the anterior maxilla, the study, and the identification of CS, as well as its ramifications and morphological variations, should be carefully studied and evaluated individually for each patient.

Examination of canalis sinuosus using cone beam computed tomography in an Australian population

“…One study 27 did not explain how the diameter was measured while other retrospective studies did not investigate diameter. 25,36,38,42,43,[49][50][51][52][53][54] There are only two reports on the presence of more than two CS (one in each quadrant) in a patient. The present study corroborates with von Arx et al 22 and Sekerci et al 34 where 4.08% and 3.3%, respectively, had three CS, while 0.56% and 0.8% of the above studies reported four CS.…”

“…were the only two studies that measured diameter of CS using the sagittal plane but an explanation for this was not given. One study 27 did not explain how the diameter was measured while other retrospective studies did not investigate diameter 25, 36, 38, 42, 43, 49–54 …”

Evaluation of the presence and general characterization of canalis sinuosus based on cone-beam computed tomography images: a literature review

“…The presence of canalis sinuosus based on CBCT examinations was assessed (Tables 1 and 2). The outcome of the literature review demonstrated that the presence of CS was 54.44% (Figure 3), the presence of CS among women was 56.76%, and men 43.24% (on the basis of 11 articles, in which the division on men and women was included) [3,5,8,11,19,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. In a total of 8 researches, the unilateral CS was observed in 41.78%, whereas bilateral CS was found in 58.22% CBCT images [3, 5, 8, 21-23, 25, 26].…”

“…In four studies, in which the overall occurrence of CS was 100%, it was also more frequently observed in women [3,[19][20][21]. The relationship between the occurrence of CS and age of the examined patients was analyzed in 4 out of 12 studies [5,[22][23][24]. Aoki et al [5] tested patients aged 18 to 85 years, with a median age of 53 years.…”

“…Also, Wanzeler et al [23] did not find any crucial discrepancies in the occurrence of CS in relation with age. According to a study by Brücker et al [24], the age of individuals with identified CS varied from 7 to 81 years, with the median age of 48 years, and standard deviation of 15 years. There was a strong and significant kappa value of 0.74 (p < 0.05) in the intra-examiner error test.…”