Analysis of brick veneer walls on wood frame construction subjected to out-of-plane loads

Reneckis, Dziugas; LaFave, James M.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.08.006

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It was observed that ties in actual masonry veneer walls exhibited similar failure modes as those displayed in the subassembly tests (Reneckis and Lafave, 2005). Based on the subassembly test results, it was concluded that the tie and wall connection could be modeled as axial links, with nonlinear material properties that represented their experimentally observed behavior.…”

Section: An Overview Of the Existing Research On Veneer Wallmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…These wall systems are commonly used in residential construction, particularly in the central and southeastern United States, where there is low to moderate seismic activity (Reneckis and LaFave, 2005). Some of the reasons for using brick veneer in this type of construction are:…”

Section: Veneer Wall System Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This structure was designed to represent a portion of a single story wall system in a single family home, and was subjected to static and dynamic out -of -plane lateral loading on a shake table (Reneckis and Lafave, 2005). The test structure is shown in Figure 2.6, and the setup on the shake table is shown in Figure 2.7.…”

Section: An Overview Of the Existing Research On Veneer Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Reneckis and Lafave, 2005;Reneckis et aI., 2004;Choi and Lafave, 2004;Lafave and Reneckis, 2005) A variety of design codes and recommended practices, such as the Brick Industry (ICC, 2000), provide specifications for the use of corrugated sheet metal ties on wood framing. These provisions define such wall system characteristics as the minimum tie dimensions and the maximum tie spacings.…”

Section: Veneer Wall System Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yielding and tearing of the tie in the vicinity of the nail hole and/or push through of the nail or screw, through the tie hole 4. Tie buckling (Reneckis and Lafave, 2005).…”

Section: An Overview Of the Existing Research On Veneer Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of the behavior of veneer wall systems in medium rise buildings under seismic loads.

Desai¹

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Mark McGinley for his guidance and patience.Working under his supervision provided me with an excellent opportunity to understand the process involved in performing academic research. Furthermore, he was always easily accessible and approachable, and created a very comfortable and congenial working environment. At the same time, he was exacting and professional, thereby creating the ideal balanced atmosphere for me to work within. I would also like to thank Dr J.P. Mohsen for his understanding and patience, and providing me with the funds needed to complete this research endeavor, at the time at which I was close to finishing, but had insufficient funds. This dissertation presents an analytical investigation that examined the seismic performance of steel stud backed and Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) backed masonry veneer wall systems, under in and out -of -plane loads, in medium rise building frames.The investigation was prompted by recently observed damage to brick veneer wall systems due to strong earthquake and wind events. Prior research on these systems had focused on veneer walls built using older construction practices, or on residential wood stud backed veneer wall systems, or wall systems in low rise building frames.In this investigation, analytical models of the wall systems were attached to models of medium rise building frames, and the combined models were dynamically analyzed under the action of carefully selected ground motions, using the state of the art OpenSees framework. The preliminary designs of the building frames were performed on the STAAD.Pro software, according to American Building Code provisions. The member sizes were selected by the software using its inbuilt design algorithms, so as to be IV representative of those commonly used in earthquake resistant design in the UnitedStates, in regions falling under seismic category D. These members were then transferred into the OpenSees framework, on which the dynamic analysis was performed. The Sylmar and Tarzana ground motion histories were appropriately scaled and used in the dynamic analysis.A parametric study was conducted in order to understand the effect of different parameters on the response of the combined system comprising the veneer walls and the main building frame. The parameters were selected so as to create systems that represented the masses and stiffnesses of a vast majority of systems used in construction practice. For the mainframe systems, these included the steel moment resisting and braced frames, and the reinforced concrete moment resisting and shear wall systems. For the veneer wall systems, the parameters varied included the type of backing wall, namely, the steel stud backing wall and the eMU backing wall, and the type of tie system, namely, a stiff tie system and a flexible tie system.All the models developed in this investigation were calibrated against experimental results. During the calibration process, models were developed on OpenSees that replicated experim...

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Section: An Overview Of the Existing Research On Veneer Wallmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Veneer Wall System Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Overview Of the Existing Research On Veneer Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Veneer Wall System Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yielding and tearing of the tie in the vicinity of the nail hole and/or push through of the nail or screw, through the tie hole 4. Tie buckling (Reneckis and Lafave, 2005).…”

Section: An Overview Of the Existing Research On Veneer Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of the behavior of veneer wall systems in medium rise buildings under seismic loads.

Desai¹

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Performance of clay masonry veneer in wood‐stud walls subjected to out‐of‐plane seismic loads

Okail

Shing

Klingner

et al. 2010

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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This paper presents the findings of shaking-table experiments conducted to examine the out-of-plane seismic performance of masonry veneer walls. Seven wall assemblies were tested, each consisting of a clay masonry veneer anchored to a wood-stud backing. Design variables include the type of veneer ties, tie spacing, and presence or absence of mortar joint reinforcement and window opening. The walls were designed and constructed in accordance with current US code provisions. Results of the experiments show that failure of the corrugated ties is governed by pullout of the nails from the wood studs, while failure of the rigid ties is governed by detachment from the mortar joints or pull-through of the screw heads through fastener holes. Both types of ties show satisfactory performance under ground motions corresponding to Design Basis and Maximum Considered Earthquakes representative of Seismic Design Category E. Although the rigid ties were stronger than the corrugated ties, they had wider vertical spacing and failed at a slightly higher seismic load. Observed extraction capacities of the nails show high variability, which merits attention. Joint reinforcement did not show any noticeable effect on the out-of-plane behavior of the veneer. Results of an analytical study have shown that the detachment of a veneer from the backing system is preceded by veneer cracking, which influences the distribution of tie forces, and that the vertical tie spacing influences the cracking load for the veneer.

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Mechanical modelling of the axial behaviour of traditional masonry wall metal tie connections in cavity walls

Arslan¹,

Messali²,

Smyrou³

et al. 2021

Construction and Building Materials

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Analysis of brick veneer walls on wood frame construction subjected to out-of-plane loads

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

A study of the behavior of veneer wall systems in medium rise buildings under seismic loads.

A study of the behavior of veneer wall systems in medium rise buildings under seismic loads.

Performance of clay masonry veneer in wood‐stud walls subjected to out‐of‐plane seismic loads

Mechanical modelling of the axial behaviour of traditional masonry wall metal tie connections in cavity walls

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