Analysis of Boosting Architectures for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The isentropic efficiency estimation of small radial turbines is an important aspect of turbocharger performance evaluation. Because of inaccuracies in measuring the outlet temperature due to the non-homogeneous flow field distribution, it is common practice to refer to the thermomechanical efficiency, defined as the product of mechanical and turbine isentropic efficiencies. This paper proposes a method for the indirect evaluation of turbine isentropic efficiency through specific experimental tests. In particular, the evaluation of friction losses in the bearings can be assessed thanks to experimental investigations in quasi-adiabatic condition. By maintaining the turbine inlet temperature and the average temperature of lubricating oil and water-cooling circuit equal to the compressor outlet temperature, a negligible heat transfer between turbine and compressor can be achieved. Therefore, the heat transferred to the lubricating oil can only be attributed to the friction in the bearings. Once the mechanical and thermomechanical efficiency has been experimentally assessed, the isentropic efficiency of the turbine can be evaluated with good accuracy. The knowledge of this quantity is essential to optimize the matching between different components of propulsion systems, and to correctly evaluate turbine outlet temperature. Furthermore, this last information allows the correct estimation of the inlet temperature of the aftertreatment systems.</div></div>

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Hydrogen Engine Testing with SuperTurbo Compared to Simulation

Brin,

Waldron

2024

SAE Technical Paper Series

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Hydrogen has recently become a primary focus as a future carbon-free fuel for transportation, especially for heavy duty commercial vehicles. The hydrogen internal combustion engine (H<sub>2</sub> ICE) shows promise, as current manufacturing facilities and vehicle architectures can be largely maintained while keeping the initial purchase price of the vehicle relatively low. However, hydrogen combustion engines have challenges to overcome. One of the main challenges is to provide transient response on par with current diesel engines while maintaining low NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from the engine.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Previously, simulations were performed by AVL List GmbH and SuperTurbo Technologies of a mechanically driven turbocharger, the SuperTurbo, on a 13L H<sub>2</sub> ICE. This paper covers follow on work of actual engine testing of the H<sub>2</sub> ICE with the SuperTurbo in an effort to reproduce the simulation results with engine test data. The primary focus of the engine testing was to demonstrate low engine out NO<sub>x</sub> emissions through transient operation comparable to current diesel engines, as well as demonstrating engine out NO<sub>x</sub> emissions below 0.4 g/kWh on the WHTC transient cycle. These goals were achieved in testing, and additionally similar low NO<sub>x</sub> emissions were demonstrated on the NRTC and FTP transient cycles. Following the engine testing, modifications to the model were made to better match the engine data, matching the IMEP and fuel efficiency through the cycles more accurately. Additional simulations were performed to estimate future improvements that could be made to the H<sub>2</sub> ICE engine system utilizing the SuperTurbo boosting system.</div></div>

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Analysis of Boosting Architectures for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Experimental investigation of the matching boundary and optimization strategy of a variable geometry turbocharged direct-injected hydrogen engine

Experimental investigation of the matching boundary and optimization strategy of a variable geometry turbocharged direct-injected hydrogen engine

Indirect Assessment of Isentropic Efficiency in Turbocharger Turbines via Mechanical Efficiency Evaluation under Quasi-Adiabatic Test

Hydrogen Engine Testing with SuperTurbo Compared to Simulation

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