Analysis of Biochemical Composition of Yams (Dioscorea spp.) Landraces from Southwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Yams make a significant contribution to food security and medicinal importance in developing countries. In Ethiopia, there is insufficient scientific study on biochemical composition of Ethiopian yams. In order to fill the knowledge gap, this study was conducted to assess the biochemical composition of yams collected from Southwest Ethiopia. Flour from storage tuber of 36 yam landraces collected and the samples run in duplicates. Data on 14 biochemical traits were collected and subjected to various data analysis. Results of the analysis of variance indicated significant variation (p<0.01) among the landraces on organic matter, total nitrogen, protein, fat, carbohydrate, total phosphorus, total energy, tannin and saponin contents. The flour moisture contents ranged from 17.75 to 27.47% with a mean of 22.03%. The ranges of dry matter (15.80 to 27.28%), organic matter (21.38 to 43.56%), ash (1.13 to 3.56%), organic carbon (0.63 to 1.98 g), crude fiber (0.41 to 2.05%), total nitrogen (1.00 to 1.32%), protein (6.25 to 8.28%), fat (0.09 to 0.65%), carbohydrate (12.71 to 33.94%), total phosphorus (23.7 to 53.0 mg/100 g), total energy (92.66 to 173.30 kcal/100 g DM), tannin (19.80 to 181.0 mg/100 g) and saponin (2.31 to 13.94 mg/100 g) contents. The cluster and distance analysis of biochemical traits showed the existence of eight divergent groups. The maximum inter cluster distance was found between clusters VI and VII (133.59), followed by clusters V and VI (109.19), clusters II and VI (105.22), clusters I and VI (100.42), and clusters III and VI (89.25) in order of magnitudes. Maximum genetic divergence between the clusters points out the fact that hybridization among the landraces included with them would produce potential and meaningful hybrids and desirable segregants. Besides, investigation of the existed yam landraces based on molecular marker analysis is vital for better assessment of genetic diversity of yams in Ethiopia.

Biochemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Fresh Tuber of Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) Local Accessions from East Java, Indonesia

“…Those values were higher than that of other yam species as previously reported by other studies i.e. 0.41%-2.05% (Mulualem, Mekbib, Hussein, & Gebre, 2018), 1.5% (Bhandari, Kasai, & Kawabata, 2003), 1.13% (Udensi, Oselebe, & Onuoha, 2010), 1.68% (Abara, 2011) and 1.98% (Princewill-Ogbonna & Ibeji, 2015). Such high variation in the crude fiber content presumably to be related to their genetic origin and environmental factors where they were grown such as geographical location, the level of soil fertility, microclimate conditions, etc., and the harvesting periods (Bhandari, Kasai, & Kawabata, 2003).…”

Potentiality of Underutilized Crop Dioscorea Spp.: A Source of Nutraceutical

“…The compositional analysis (on dry matter basis) of tubers originated from different species of Dioscorea spp. revealed the presence of crude protein (6.2 to 13.4%), crude fibre (0.4 to 7.6%), crude lipid (0.09 to 7.4%), total ash (3.3 to 6.3%), nitrogen free extract (71 to 79%), total carbohydrates (12 to 33%) (Shajeela et al, 2011;Mulualem et al, 2018). Further, the tubers are rich in vitamins (niacin and ascorbic acid), minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu) and phenolic compounds (tannin, saponin).…”

Current Highlights on Biochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Dioscorea Alata : A Review

“…The inorganic constituents present on tubers of D. alata are Vitamin A l , Vitamin C, Ca, K, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, vitamin B 3 , PO 4 , Vitamin B 2 & B 1 , Se, Si, Na, Sn, Zn (Dumont and Vernier, 2000;Mishra et al, 2008 ). A number of pharmacological activities of D. alata such as anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-oxidant and antiapoptotic activity, anti-infective, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, cardio protective, hypolipidemic, hypo-cholesteric activity have been reported and are mainly due to the presence of chemical substances diosgenin present in its tissue (Mulualem et al, 2018). Diosgenin is a best active constituents of Dioscorea alata having anti-oxidant activity.…”