Analysis of binding properties of pathogens and toxins using multivalent glycan microarrays

Abstract

Microarrays constructed by immobilizing free glycans on multivalent hydrazide-coated surfaces were applied to evaluate multivalent glycan binding properties of pathogens.

On‐Chip Neo‐Glycopeptide Synthesis for Multivalent Glycan Presentation

“…A remarkable example is the use of photopolymerization to grow brush‐like glycopolymers with distinct multivalency on a solid support by varying the irradiation time . Another method to create multivalency is the pre‐immobilization of scaffolds that bear a distinct number of functional groups for glycan attachments …”

Searching for the sweet spot of amoebic gill disease of farmed Atlantic salmon: the potential role of glycan-lectin interactions in the adhesion of Neoparamoeba perurans

“…Glycan and lectin microarrays have emerged as powerful tools for determining the ligand specificities of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) involved in host-pathogen adhesion (Smith and Cummings, 2014;Huang et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2018). Glycan microarrays consist of individual glycan structures immobilized on a well-defined substrate in a spatially defined arrangement.…”

Multivalent glycan arrays

“…Different scaffolds or density variations have been proposed and quite successfully applied for multivalent glycan display. 166,167 Especially, the density variation presentation on surfaces leads to random and non-homogeneous systems, which lack reproducibility. Most scaffolds offer dened spacing, but lack exibility, because the spacing cannot be changed easily.…”

“…If the density is too low, the GBPs are sometimes unable to properly bind to the glycans, which results in a loss of signals and thus to misleading results. 167 Additional problems can be caused by the label, which can reduce the activity or inuence the selectivity of the GBPs. 168 Unfortunately, indirect labeling of GBPs is oen not possible, because uorescently-labeled secondary reagents are not available.…”