Analysis of benzalkonium chloride and its homologs: HPLC versus HPCE

Prince, Shelly J; McLaury, Hei-Jen; Allen, Loyd V; McLaury, Phil

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00187-3

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover Figure 2b showed a small peak that was presumably identified as the BAC-C 18 homologue by its UV spectrum. If necessary this homologue would be also quantified by area normalization 8 since BAC-homologues show similar response factors (Table 5).…”

Section: Complementarities Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fact shows the possibility of quantification of BAC homologues by area normalization as previously shown. 8 As shown in Table 5, the sensitivities of all substances in the CN system were ca. 20% lower than those observed in the C8 system (Table 5).…”

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Capillary electrophoresis, 7,8 voltametry, 9,10 gas chromatography with flame ionization detection 11 or mass spectrometry detection 12 and high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) [13][14][15] have been used to evaluate these compounds in pharmaceutical products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intralaboratory validation, comparison and application of HPLC-UV-DAD methods for simultaneous determination of benzalkonium chloride, chlorexidine digluconate and triclosan

Chiapetta¹,

Oliveira²,

Olivier³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cloreto de benzalcônio (BAC), digluconato de clorexidina (CD) e triclosan (TR) são amplamente usados como agentes antimicrobianos já que são anti-sépticos e desinfetantes, dependendo da concentração. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de metodologia para a determinação rápida e simultânea de CD, TR e dos homólogos do BAC (C 12 , C 14 e C 16 ) por CLAE-UV-DAD. Dois sistemas isocráticos em fase reversa foram otimizados: sistema C8 -coluna SB-C8 (250 × 4,6 mm; 5 µm) e fase móvel composta por ACN e tampão de H 3 PO 4 /NaH 2 PO 4 0,03 mol L . O tempo de análise foi menor que 6 min em ambos os sistemas, permitindo alta produtividade e baixo uso de solventes. Faixas lineares com duas ordens de magnitude foram obtidas nos dois sistemas. A sensibilidade obtida no sistema C8, para as cinco substâncias foi cerca de 20% maior que no sistema CN. Ambos os métodos apresentaram precisões melhores que 4,5%, boas resoluções (R > 1,8) e altas recuperações (96 a 103%). Os limites de quantificação foram adequados para a determinação das cinco substâncias em produtos comerciais. A análise de diversos produtos comerciais indicou boa concordância entre os métodos cromatográficos e entre ele e os valores rotulados.Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CD) and triclosan (TR) are widely used antimicrobial agents since they are antiseptics and disinfectants depending on the used concentration. The objective of this work was the development of methodology for the fast and simultaneous determination of CD, TR and the BAC homologues (C 12 , C 14 and C 16 ) using HPLC-UV-DAD. Two isocratic reverse-phase systems were optimized: system C8 -column SB-C8 (250 × 4.6 mm; 5 µm) using a mobile phase composed of ACN and H 3 PO 4 /NaH 2 PO 4 buffer 0.03 mol L . In both systems the total analysis time was lower than 6 min, leading to high throughput and low production of solvent rejects. Linear ranges with two magnitude orders were found for the five substances in both systems. The sensitivity of system C8 for the five substances was around 20% greater than that of system CN. Both chromatographic methods showed overall precisions better than 4.5%, good resolutions (R > 1.8) and high recoveries (96 to 103%). The limits of quantification were adequate for the determination of the five compounds in commercial products. The analysis of several commercial products showed a good agreement between both chromatographic methods. Good agreement among measured concentrations and labeled values was also observed.

show abstract

Section: Complementarities Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intralaboratory validation, comparison and application of HPLC-UV-DAD methods for simultaneous determination of benzalkonium chloride, chlorexidine digluconate and triclosan

Chiapetta¹,

Oliveira²,

Olivier³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, azithromycin has ocular pharmacokinetic properties superior to those of other macrolides. Ocular pharmacokinetic (Rojsitthisak et al, 2005;Deutschle et al, 2006;Merianos, 1991;Prince et al, 1999). Our developed product contained sodium hyaluronate as the viscous agent, and BKC was chosen as the preservative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BKC has been included in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Inactive Ingredient Database (IID). Because of the long precorneal retention of BKC, the BKC content in viscous drops or product is usually no more than 0.008% (w/v) (Prince et al, 1999). It is important to monitor the content of BKC in opthalmic preparations to avoid toxicity concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of benzalkonium chloride in viscous ophthalmic drops of azithromycin by high-performance liquid chromatography

Shen

Wang

et al. 2009

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system was used in the reversed phase mode for the determination of benzalkonium chloride (BKC) in azithromycin viscous ophthalmic drops. A Venusil-XBP(L)-C 18 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column was used at 50 °C. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol-potassium phosphate (16:5, v/v). Two sample preparation methods were compared. The results suggested that, compared with an extraction procedure, a deproteinization procedure was much quicker and more convenient. Using the deproteinization procedure for sample preparation, calibration curves were linear in the range 5.0~50 μg/ml. The within-day and inter-day coefficients of variation were less than 10%. The average recoveries were determined as 96.70%, 98.52%, and 97.96% at concentrations of 10.0, 30.0, and 50.0 μg/ml, respectively. Variability in precision did not exceed 5%. In conclusion, this HPLC method using a simple sample treatment procedure appears suitable for monitoring BKC content in azithromycin viscous ophthalmic drops.

show abstract

Electroanalysis of Benzalkonium Chloride in Ophthalmic Formulation by Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a mixture of alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides, which is used primarily as a biocide, surfactant, preservative, and antimicrobial agent in the pharmaceutical industry, in particular in ophthalmologic and nasal solutions. However, BAK may cause harmful consequences on the eye structures of the anterior segment. Control of BAK identity and content is necessary by applying a sensitive detection method. This study unravels the use of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode and a pristine boron‐doped diamond electrode (BDD) for the detection of four BAK homologs in a non‐aqueous medium using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The BDD provided more reproducibility of the oxidation potential than GC with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The irreversible oxidation peak was very broad and deconvoluted into 3 peaks corresponding to C12, C14, and combined C16–C18 to reflect their concentration ratio in the mixture. The method was then extended to the detection of the C12 homolog in the ophthalmic formulations with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 μg/mL. The estimated BAK levels in three ophthalmic formulations were in agreement with the specified values by the manufacturers. The results were validated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection, confirming the presence of a single homolog (C12) in the eye drops.

show abstract

Analysis of benzalkonium chloride and its homologs: HPLC versus HPCE

Cited by 49 publications

References 11 publications

Intralaboratory validation, comparison and application of HPLC-UV-DAD methods for simultaneous determination of benzalkonium chloride, chlorexidine digluconate and triclosan

Intralaboratory validation, comparison and application of HPLC-UV-DAD methods for simultaneous determination of benzalkonium chloride, chlorexidine digluconate and triclosan

Determination of benzalkonium chloride in viscous ophthalmic drops of azithromycin by high-performance liquid chromatography

Electroanalysis of Benzalkonium Chloride in Ophthalmic Formulation by Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About