Analysis of bacteriological pollution and the detection of antibiotic resistance genes of prevailing bacteria emanating from pig farm seepage

Abstract

Management and disposal of pig farm seepage constitute a serious environmental challenge, and seepage discharge from agricultural waste‐water is considered to be one of the greatest contributors of organic substances, bacterial pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes into the environment. The objectives of this study were to assess the level of bacteriological pollution and to identify the resident antibiotic‐resistant genes of culturable bacteria from a studied pig farm seepage. Enumeration of the viable bacterial cell of plated bacteria suspensions (10 −1 to 10 −8 cfu/mL) was performed; also, identification of pure bacterial colonies was done using an API 20E bacterial identification kit. CLSI guidelines for antimicrobial susceptibility testing were adopted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility/resistance of the cultured bacterial isolates. Identification of resident‐resistant genes was done using molecular biology procedures. The results on viable cells in seepage samples ranged from 4.30 × 10 2 to 1.29 × 10 9 cfu/mL. Pseudomonas luteola, Enterococcus vulneris, Salmonella choleraesuis spp arizonae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabillis etc. were isolated from the pig farm soil samples. Almost all of the cultured isolates were resistant to Penicillin G, Vancomycin, Oxytetracycline, Spectinomycin, and Lincomycin. The most frequent resistant genes detected in the isolates were Van A, Van B, InuA, aph ( 3” ) ‐llla, bla TEM, Otr A, and Otr B . It was inferred from the study that Pig farm seepage has the ability to cause bacterial pollution that may negatively impact the natural environment, by introducing bacteria pathogens that harbor antibiotic‐resistant genes.

Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (Enteropathogens) Recovered from a Blend of Pig Manure and Pinewood Saw Dust during Anaerobic Co-Digestion in a Steel Biodigester

“…had a common prevalence rate of 27.78%. Contrary to our findings, Dikonketso and Olayinka [39] enumerated viable cells in seepage samples recovered from a pig farm in the range from 4.30 × 10 2 to 1.29 × 10 9 cfu/mL, while Peng et al [40] noted a prevalence of 2.76% of Y. enterocolitica in swine faeces collected from Sichuan and Shandong provinces of China. Considering the variation in the bacterial counts and the prevalence rates in manure reported in the different studies, this could be attributed to the fattening stage of the pigs, the sampling times and points [41], the chemical composition (which depends on the feed composition), the type or variety of vegetation available added to the microbiological compositions of the pig manure, environmental temperature as well as the waste collection and management systems on the farms [40].…”

Nonnegligible pathogenic exposure risk of coarse part of PM10 in non-open environments

“…The proportion of pathogenic bacteria in animal gathering places is relatively high. The reason may be that pathogenic bacteria from farm breeding wastewater (including animal excreta) enter the aerosol, increasing the concentration of pathogenic bacteria (Matjuda and Aiyegoro, 2019). The proportion of pathogens in crowded places is also higher because humans act as the direct source of bacterial emissions (from skin, body fluids and breathing) in crowded public spaces (Abdel Hameed et al, 2009).…”

Antimicrobial resistance: causes, consequences, diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in modern medicine

“…Lekooporność wśród drobnoustrojów izolowanych zarówno od człowieka, jak i od zwierząt nierozerwalnie wiąże się z obecnością tych samych drobnoustrojów w środowisku. Badania prowadzone przez różne ośrodki naukowe wykazały obecność zarówno pozostałości leków w środowisku (długotrwałe zjawisko utrzymywania się leków wydalanych przez zwierzęta wraz z moczem i kałem), jak również obecność lekoopornych drobnoustrojów w tym samym materiale odzwierzęcym oraz w ściekach pochodzących z jednostek opieki zdrowotnej (szpitale) (18,22). Obecność substancji przeciwbakteryjnych w niższych koncentracjach (poniżej minimalnej wartości hamującej [MIC] w środowisku) zdecydowanie promuje horyzontalną wymianę mechanizmów oporności aktywowaną presją selekcyjną (21), ostatecznie zwiększając pulę lekoopornych drobnoustrojów.…”