Analysis of bacterial communities in a municipal duck pond during a phytoplankton bloom and isolation of Anatilimnocola aggregata gen. nov., sp. nov., Lacipirellula limnantheis sp. nov. and Urbifossiella limnaea gen. nov., sp. nov. belonging to the phylum Planctomycetes

Abstract

Waterbodies such as lakes and ponds are fragile environments affected by human influences. Suitable conditions can result in massive growth of phototrophs, commonly referred to as phytoplankton blooms. Such events benefit heterotrophic bacteria able to use compounds secreted by phototrophs or their biomass as major nutrient source. One example of such bacteria are Planctomycetes, which are abundant on the surfaces of marine macroscopic phototrophs; however, less data are available on their ecological roles in limnic environments. In this study, we followed a cultivation-independent deep sequencing approach to study the bacterial community composition during a cyanobacterial bloom event in a municipal duck pond. In addition to cyanobacteria, which caused the bloom event, members of the phylum Planctomycetes were significantly enriched in the cyanobacteria-attached fraction compared to the free-living fraction. Separate datasets based on isolated DNA and RNA point towards considerable differences in the abundance and activity of planctomycetal families, indicating different activity peaks of these families during the cyanobacterial bloom. Motivated by the finding that the sampling location harbours untapped bacterial diversity, we included a complementary cultivationdependent approach and isolated and characterized three novel limnic strains belonging to the phylum Planctomycetes.

Analysis of Bacterial Communities on North Sea Macroalgae and Characterization of the Isolated Planctomycetes Adhaeretor mobilis gen. nov., sp. nov., Roseimaritima multifibrata sp. nov., Rosistilla ulvae sp. nov. and Rubripirellula lacrimiformis sp. nov.

“…Both, MLSA- as well as 16S rRNA sequence-based phylogeny ( Figure 8 and Supplementary S1 ) suggested that strain HG15A2 T is a member of the only recently proposed and then expanded planctomycetal family Lacipirellulaceae [ 42 , 63 , 114 ]. The placement as a new genus is supported by AAI and POCP values found to fall below (in a single case slightly above) the genus thresholds of 60–80% and 50%, respectively [ 84 , 110 ] ( Supplementary Figure S5 ).…”

“…All samples were transferred to the DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany within 24 h and processed within 4 h after arrival. In the laboratory, 300 mL of the water samples were homogenized by gentle stirring and subjected to a two-step filtration process to separate aggregated/particle-attached and planktonic bacterial cells [ 42 ]. In the first step, the water was filtered through a borosilicate glass microfiber filter (Whatman GF/D, GE Healthcare, Dassel, Germany) with a pore size of 2.7 µm to retain aggregated cells and marine particles.…”

“…Maximum likelihood 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogeny was computed for the novel strains, all described planctomycetal species of the order Pirellulales [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 40 , 42 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ] and an outgroup of three strains from the order Planctomycetales (acc. no.…”

Genome Mining and Gene Expression Reveal Maytansine Biosynthetic Genes from Endophytic Communities Living inside Gymnosporia heterophylla (Eckl. and Zeyh.) Loes. and the Relationship with the Plant Biosynthetic Gene, Friedelin Synthase

“…In addition, we found that specific halogenase genes only presented in a particular collection of G. heterophylla roots. For example, cluster 2 ( Urbifossiella limnaea strain ETA A1) [ 25 ] occurred explicitly in the 2018 collection, whereas cluster 4 ( Streptomyces chartreusis strain ATCC 14922) [ 26 ] only appeared in the 2017 collection. On the contrary, we noticed that some halogenase genes presented in both groups, such as cluster 1 ( Catenulispora acidiphila strain DSM 44928), cluster 3 ( Variovorax sp.…”

Temporal and functional interrelationships between bacterioplankton communities and the development of a toxigenic Microcystis bloom in a lowland European reservoir

“…They have been found previously abundant during intensive blooms 48 , 49 , with a preference to remain attached than free-living 50 . Furthermore, they are known to degrade complex polysaccharides, and therefore, it has been proposed that they feed on cyanobacterial exudates and decaying material 35 , 51 .…”