Analysis of backscattering from snow covers on Arctic and Antarctic sea ice

Tjuatja, S.; Fung, A.K.; Bredow, J.W.; Hosseinmostafa, R.; Gogineni, S.; Lytle, VI

doi:10.1109/igarss.1993.322642

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Analysis of backscattering form Arctic and Antarctic sea ice can be properly modeled by adopting a rough multilayer structure. The structure here considered is composed of an upper layer representing a dry snow cover, a middle layer (sea ice), and the lower half space is homogeneous water [ 35 , 36 ]. Specifically, the considered vertical profile is characterized by the following parameters: ε 0 = 1.0, ε 1 = 1.65 + j 0.064, ε 2 = 3.38 + j 0.15, ε 3 = 60.43 + j 40.5; Δ 1 = 0.07 [m], Δ 2 = 0.2 [m].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim is to systematically show how the perturbative model can be successfully applied to several situations of interest for microwave remote sensing, since it provides a rationale to understand the basic scattering properties of natural rough multilayers, in particular when lower frequency bands are used, for which interface roughness satisfies validity limits of the perturbative approach. In order to do this, we apply the developed perturbation theory to fractal interfaces and, at variance with what we presented in [ 33 ], we here consider actually existing natural structures [ 34 , 35 , 36 ], representative of two classes of natural stratifications: wet paleosoil covered by a low-loss dry sand layer and a sea-ice layer above water with dry snow cover.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perturbation Theory for Scattering from Multilayers with Randomly Rough Fractal Interfaces: Remote Sensing Applications

Imperatore

Iodice²,

Riccio³

2017

Sensors

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A general, approximate perturbation method, able to provide closed-form expressions of scattering from a layered structure with an arbitrary number of rough interfaces, has been recently developed. Such a method provides a unique tool for the characterization of radar response patterns of natural rough multilayers. In order to show that, here, for the first time in a journal paper, we describe the application of the developed perturbation theory to fractal interfaces; we then employ the perturbative method solution to analyze the scattering from real-world layered structures of practical interest in remote sensing applications. We focus on the dependence of normalized radar cross section on geometrical and physical properties of the considered scenarios, and we choose two classes of natural stratifications: wet paleosoil covered by a low-loss dry sand layer and a sea-ice layer above water with dry snow cover. Results are in accordance with the experimental evidence available in the literature for the low-loss dry sand layer, and they may provide useful indications about the actual ability of remote sensing instruments to perform sub-surface sensing for different sensor and scene parameters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation Theory for Scattering from Multilayers with Randomly Rough Fractal Interfaces: Remote Sensing Applications

Imperatore

Iodice²,

Riccio³

2017

Sensors

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“…The terrain in the Antarctic can be more complex, for example the presence of snow cover on top of the sea ice. Therefore, a model that caters for multiple layers may be able to more accurately represent the sea ice terrain [13][14][15]. Besides this, the sea ice had previously been treated as a sparse medium in the models developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayer Model Formulation and Analysis of Radar Backscattering From Sea Ice

Albert¹,

Lee

Ewe³

et al. 2012

PIER

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Abstract-The Antarctic continent is an extremely suitable environment for the application of remote sensing technology as it is one of the harshest places on earth. Satellite images of the terrain can be properly interpreted with thorough understanding of the microwave scattering process. The proper model development for backscattering can be used to test the assumptions on the dominating scattering mechanisms. In this paper, the formulation and analysis of a multilayer model used for sea ice terrain is presented. The multilayer model is extended from the previous single layer model developed based on the Radiative Transfer theory. The Radiative Transfer theory is chosen because of its simplicity and ability to incorporate multiple scattering effects into the calculations. The propagation of energy in the medium is characterized by the extinction and phase matrices. The model also incorporates the Dense Medium Phase and Amplitude Correction Theory (DM-PACT) where it takes into account the close spacing effect among scatterers. The air-snow interface, snow-sea ice interface and sea ice-ocean interface are modelled using the Integral Equation Method (IEM). The simulated backscattering coefficients for co-and cross-polarization using the developed model for 1 GHz and 10 GHz are presented. In addition, the simulated backscattering coefficients from the multilayer model were compared with the measurement results obtained from Coordinated Eastern Artic Experiment (CEAREX) (Grenfell, 1992) and with the results obtained from the model developed by Saibun Tjuatja (based on the Matrix Doubling method) in 1992.

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“…For the ice shelf area, this is modeled as a thick layer of compacted snow. As discussed in [4,5], due to the wicking up effect of the brine in the sea ice layer, an effective dielectric constant higher than the derived value from the measured data in the layer is used. The thickness is taken to be an average of 600m near Ross Island area, from British Antarctica Survey BEDMAP website [6].…”

Section: Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measured grain radius of snow is in the range of 0.5mm to 1.5mm in Antarctica. Value of 1.1mm is chosen considering that snow grain radius in Antarctica is generally large [4]. The parameter d, in Tables I and II is the average distance among the scatterers used in the expression of the Dense Medium Phase and Amplitude Correction Factor.…”

Section: Model Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Model development and analysis of radar backscatter in Ross Island, Antarctica

Albert¹,

Syahali²,

Ewe³

et al.

Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2005. IGARSS '05.

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Antarctica remains the continent with least access to human due to its harsh weather condition and remoteness from human civilization. However, the major heat sink effect and its critical role in balancing world climate have made Antarctica an important continent to monitor and understand constantly. Due to its remoteness and wide area coverage, remote sensing technology is suitable to be utilized for such purposes. As the majority parts of Antarctica are covered by ice and snow, it is necessary to model the ice and snow media for microwave scattering analysis to interpret the satellite SAR images and deduce physical parameters from the data. In this paper, a theoretical model is developed to model the sea ice and ice shelf areas in Antarctica by treating them as layers of random discrete medium with scatterers embedded in the host medium. The Dense Medium Phase and Amplitude Correction Theory (DMPACT) which takes into account the close spacing effect among the scatterers is applied to the sea ice and snow medium [1]. The air-snow interface and snow-sea ice interface are modeled using the Integral Equation Method (IEM) with the consideration of surface multiple scattering effect [2]. This scattering problem of an electrically dense medium such as sea ice and ice shelf is solved using the Radiative Transfer Theory. Ground truth measurement trips were conducted in the years of 2002-2004 at Ross Island, Antarctica with the logistic assistance of Antarctica New Zealand to measure the physical parameters of the sea ice, ice shelf and sea water, which were then used in the theoretical model calculation. RadarSat images of the study sites were also acquired for the comparison with the theoretical results. The results indicate that the matches between the theoretical predictions and the satellite data over the measurement period are promising. In the theoretical analysis, a study of the physical parameters affecting the backscattering returns and the major scattering mechanisms involved is carried out and the analysis is presented. This project is funded by the Academy of Sciences Malaysia, under the Malaysian Antarctica Research Program (MARP).

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Analysis of backscattering from snow covers on Arctic and Antarctic sea ice

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Perturbation Theory for Scattering from Multilayers with Randomly Rough Fractal Interfaces: Remote Sensing Applications

Perturbation Theory for Scattering from Multilayers with Randomly Rough Fractal Interfaces: Remote Sensing Applications

Multilayer Model Formulation and Analysis of Radar Backscattering From Sea Ice

Model development and analysis of radar backscatter in Ross Island, Antarctica

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