Analysis of Atrazine and Four Degradation Products in the Pore Water of the Vadose Zone, Central Indiana

Panshin, Sandra Y.; Carter, D. S.; Bayless, E. Randall

doi:10.1021/es990772z

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Consequently, the LOQ values for these compounds were between 0.050 and 0.206 μg L -1 as shown in Table 5. The detection limits obtained were in good agreement with those previously published by Panshin et al 17 and Pinto and Jardim, 18 but higher than the one obtained by Laabs et al 9 and Quintana et al 16 However, the last method used other sorbent material and GC-MS technique, Table 4. On the other hand, the LOD values were lower than or equal to the maximum admissible concentration established by the European Union for the sum of all pesticides (0.5 μg L -1 ) or for an individual compound in drinking water (0.1 μg L -1 ).…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Multiresidue determination of herbicides in environmental waters from Primavera do Leste Region (Middle West of Brazil) by SPE-GC-NPD

Dores¹,

Navickiene²,

Cunha³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Foi desenvolvido um estudo sobre a presença dos herbicidas simazina, metribuzim, metolacloro, trifluralina, atrazina e seus metabólitos desisopropilatrazina (DIA) e desetilatrazina (DEA) em água superficial e subterrânea da região de Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brasil. O procedimento analítico baseou-se na extração em fase sólida com cartuchos descartáveis Sep-Pak C 18 e eluição com acetato de etila. Os níveis de resíduos foram determinados por cromatografia a gás com detector de nitrogênio e fósforo. Para a maior parte dos pesticidas, a recuperação média nos diferentes níveis de fortificação foi >70% com estimativa do desvio padrão relativo <19%. As recuperações observadas para o DIA e a trifluralina foram 25% e 56%, respectivamente. As baixas recuperações foram atribuídas à retenção incompleta do DIA e à forte retenção no sorvente e alta volatilidade da trifluralina. Os limites de detecção variaram de 0,023 a 0,088 μg L -1 . Este método foi aplicado na análise de 5 amostras de águas superficiais e 28 de águas subterrâneas, em pontos usados para abastecimento de água para consumo humano, coletadas em Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso. O nível mais elevado encontrado nas amostras de água foi 1,732 μg L -1 de metolacloro enquanto o herbicida encontrado com maior freqüência foi o metribuzim.A study on the presence of herbicides, namely simazine, metribuzin, metolachlor, trifluralin, atrazine and two metabolites, deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and deethylatrazine (DEA), was performed in ground and surface waters from Primavera do Leste region, Mato Grosso state (Middle West of Brazil). The analytical procedure was based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with Sep-Pak C 18 disposable cartridges and ethyl acetate for elution solvent. Residue levels were determined by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. For most of the pesticides average recoveries at different fortification levels were >70% with relative standard deviation <19%. The recoveries of DIA and trifluralin in water were 25% and 56%, respectively, which were attributed to the incomplete retention of DIA and strong retention on the sorbing material and high volatility of trifluralin. Detection limits ranged from 0.023 to 0.088 μg L -1 . This method was applied for the analysis of 5 superficial water samples and 28 groundwater samples, in places used for human consumption without previous treatment, collected in Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Results indicated that the highest level of contamination in a water sample was 1.732 μg L -1 for metolachlor, while metribuzin was the most frequently detected herbicide with maximum concentration of 0.351 μg L -1 .Keywords: solid-phase extraction, water, herbicides, pesticides, GC-NPD IntroductionThe Primavera do Leste region (Mato Grosso state, Middle West of Brazil) is an area with a high agricultural production, that has expanded greatly since its start 30 years ago. As consequence of the monoculture conditions under which soybean, cotton, rice, maize and bean are grown, they are susceptible t...

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 90%

Multiresidue determination of herbicides in environmental waters from Primavera do Leste Region (Middle West of Brazil) by SPE-GC-NPD

Dores¹,

Navickiene²,

Cunha³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Atrazine-desethyl (DEA) was detected in only 3 samples at levels between 4 to 12 ng/L, and atrazinedesisopropyl was detected in only one sample (see Table S1). DEA has been reported to be one of the most prevalent degradation products in bulk soil (Panshin et al, 2000), and its prevalence in rivers mainly happens shortly after the application of atrazine. This may explain the low detection frequency of DEA in this study.…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic micropollutants in the Yangtze River: Seasonal occurrence and annual loads

Müller

Pernet-Coudrier

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

• The Yangtze River drains 40% of China's mainland with 400 million inhabitants • Monthly concentrations and annual loads of organic pollutants were determined • Seasonality of loads of PAHs, most pesticides, and antiinfectives were concise • In spite of low concentrations due to high water discharge, pollutant loads are considerable a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Twenty percent of the water run-off from China's land surface drains into the Yangtze River and carries the sewage of approximately 400 million people out to sea. The lower stretch of the Yangtze therefore offers the opportunity to assess the pollutant discharge of a huge population. To establish a comprehensive assessment of micropollutants, river water samples were collected monthly from May 2009 to June 2010 along a crosssection at the lowermost hydrological station of the Yangtze River not influenced by the tide (Datong Station, Anhui province). Following a prescreening of 268 target compounds, we examined the occurrence, seasonal variation, and annual loads of 117 organic micropollutants, including 51 pesticides, 43 pharmaceuticals, 7 household and industrial chemicals, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). During the 14-month study, the maximum concentrations of particulate PAHs (1-5 μg/g), pesticides (11-284 ng/L), pharmaceuticals (5-224 ng/L), and household and industrial chemicals (4-430 ng/L) were generally lower than in other Chinese rivers due to the dilution caused of the Yangtze River's average water discharge of approximately 30,000 m 3 /s. The loads of most pesticides, anti-infectives, and PAHs were higher in the wet season compared to the dry season, which was attributed to the increased agricultural application of chemicals in the summer, an elevated water discharge through the sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) as a result of high hydraulic loads and the related lower treatment efficiency, and seasonally increased deposition from the atmosphere and runoff from the catchment. The estimated annual load of PAHs in the river accounted for some 4% of the total emission of PAHs in the whole Yangtze Basin. Furthermore, by using sucralose as a tracer for domestic wastewater, we estimate a daily disposal of approximately 47 million m 3 of sewage into the river, corresponding to 1.8% of its average hydraulic load. In summary, the annual amounts flushed by the Yangtze River into the East China Sea were 2.9 × 10 6 tons of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC), 369 tons of PAHs, 98 tons of pesticides, 152 tons of pharmaceuticals, and 273 tons of household and industrial chemicals. While the concentrations seem comparably moderate, the pollutant loads are considerable and pose an increasing burden to the health of the marine coastal ecosystem.

show abstract

“…Due to their high mobility in the soil-water environment, TPs can reach water bodies more easily. The presence of metabolites when investigating the effect of herbicide application and its influence on the aquatic environment is relevant and the impact due to herbicides tends to be underestimated when samples are analyzed for the parent compounds only [13,14]. Therefore, the most relevant TPs should be incorporated into current analytical methods to obtain a more realistic knowledge of water quality regarding pesticide contamination [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of triazines and their main transformation products in surface and urban wastewater by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work describes the optimization, validation and application to real samples of an ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification and confirmation of 11 compounds (atrazine, simazine, terbuthylazine, terbumeton, terbutryn and their main transformation products) in surface and wastewater samples. Most of these analytes are included in the list of priority substances in the framework on European Water Policy. The application of this method to water samples reveals that the most relevant transformation products (TPs) should be incorporated into current analytical methods (which are focused mainly on the determination of unchanged compounds), to obtain a more realistic knowledge on water quality regarding pesticide contamination. TPs are generally more polar and mobile than the parents and they can be transported to the aquatic environment more rapidly than their precursors. Additionally, they can present some degree of toxicity and in fact TPs are also included within the legislation on drinking water as pesticide derivatives.To efficiently combine UHPLC with MS/MS, a fast-acquisition triple quadrupole mass analyzer was used.Working in selected reaction monitoring mode, up to three simultaneous transitions per compound were acquired allowing a reliable identification at ng/L levels. The method developed includes a pre-concentration step based on solid-phase extraction (OASIS HLB cartridges). Satisfactory recoveries (70-120%) and relative standard deviations (<20%) were obtained for all compounds in different water samples types spiked at two concentration levels (0.025 and 0.1 µg/L). The optimized method was found to have excellent sensitivity with instrumental detection limits as low as 50 fg.In addition, the influences of the matrix constituents on ionization efficiency and extraction recovery have been studied in different types of Italian and Spanish surface and urban wastewater. Signal suppressions were observed for all compounds, especially for influent wastewater. The use of isotope-labelled internal standards was found to be the best approach to assure an accurate quantification in all matrix samples.

show abstract

Analysis of Atrazine and Four Degradation Products in the Pore Water of the Vadose Zone, Central Indiana

Cited by 62 publications

References 34 publications

Multiresidue determination of herbicides in environmental waters from Primavera do Leste Region (Middle West of Brazil) by SPE-GC-NPD

Multiresidue determination of herbicides in environmental waters from Primavera do Leste Region (Middle West of Brazil) by SPE-GC-NPD

Organic micropollutants in the Yangtze River: Seasonal occurrence and annual loads

Simultaneous determination of triazines and their main transformation products in surface and urban wastewater by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About