“…Taking these factors into consideration, there is the need to assess and effectively control the hydraulic conductivity during the design and construction process, to prevent moisture ingress and to achieve optimal durability and service quality of the road structure. Many published studies (e.g., Waters 1990, Waters 1998, Mallick et al 2003, Vardanega and Waters 2011, Vardanega 2014 indicate that the level of air voids is a key factor affecting the hydraulic conductivity of asphalt concrete.…”