Analysis of Aqueous Solutions by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Ion Exchange Membranes

Schmidt, Norman E.; Goode, Scott R.

doi:10.1366/0003702021954746

Cited by 84 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Impurity enrichment can also be realized electrochemically Xiong et al 2010) for certain species; the normal practice is to use a highpurity inert electrode and apply a DC voltage to reduce or oxidize the ionic species in water to form a solid layer. Other impurity enrichment methods include using ion exchange membranes as reported by Schmidt and Goode (2002) and by Kim et al (2010) for Cu detection. Wood and bamboo have also been used as substrates; Zhu et al (2012), Jiang et al (2011), andChen et al (2010) pretreated the aqueous samples by immersing wood or bamboo chips in liquids followed by drying.…”

Section: Pretreatment Of Aqueous Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy application in environmental monitoring of water quality: a review

et al. 2014

Environ Monit Assess

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Water quality monitoring is a critical part of environmental management and protection, and to be able to qualitatively and quantitatively determine contamination and impurity levels in water is especially important. Compared to the currently available water quality monitoring methods and techniques, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has several advantages, including no need for sample pre-preparation, fast and easy operation, and chemical free during the process. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the fundamentals of aqueous LIBS analysis and effectively apply this technique to environmental monitoring. This article reviews the research conducted on LIBS analysis for liquid samples, and the article content includes LIBS theory, history and applications, quantitative analysis of metallic species in liquids, LIBS signal enhancement methods and data processing, characteristics of plasma generated by laser in water, and the factors affecting accuracy of analysis results. Although there have been many research works focusing on aqueous LIBS analysis, detection limit and stability of this technique still need to be improved to satisfy the requirements of environmental monitoring standard. In addition, determination of nonmetallic species in liquid by LIBS is equally important and needs immediate attention from the community. This comprehensive review will assist the readers to better understand the aqueous LIBS technique and help to identify current research needs for environmental monitoring of water quality.

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Section: Pretreatment Of Aqueous Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy application in environmental monitoring of water quality: a review

et al. 2014

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Table 3 compares the detection limits of the proposed method with those obtained by combining an IED with ICP-AES [12,13], ICP-MS [14], LIBS [15], or XRF spectrometry [17,18] for the determination of heavy metals in water. The detection limits of the proposed method are lower than those of LIBS and comparable to those of XRF spectrometry.…”

Section: Calibration Curves and Detection Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several direct analysis methods combining an IED with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) [15,16] or X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry [17,18] have been reported for the determination of heavy metals in water. Direct introduction/AAS [19] is also attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Heavy Metals at Sub-ppb Levels in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using a Direct Introduction Technique after Preconcentration with an Iminodiacetate Extraction Disk

Inui¹,

Kosuge²,

Ohbuchi³

et al. 2012

AJAC

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A direct analysis method combining an iminodiacetate extraction disk (IED) with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was developed for the determination of Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Sn, Pb, and Bi at sub-ppb levels in water. A 100 mL water sample was adjusted to pH 5.6 with nitric acid and a 1 mol·L -1 ammonium acetate solution, and then passed through an IED (diameter, 47 mm; effective filtering diameter, 35 mm) at a flow rate of 80 -100 mL·min -1 to preconcentrate seven analytes. The IED was dried at 100˚C for 20 min in an electric oven, and 110 -145 small disks, each 2 mm in diameter, were punched out from the IED. A small disk was introduced into the graphite furnace and atomized according to a heating program. For Cd, Sn, Pb, and Bi measurements, Pd was used as a chemical modifier to enhance the absorbances. Calibration was performed using aqueous standard solutions. The detection limits, corresponding to three times the standard deviation (n = 5) of the blank values, were 0.092 μg·L -1 for Co, 0.12 μg·L -1 for Ni, 0.40 μg·Lfor Cu, 0.077 μg·L -1 for Cd, 0.92 μg·L -1 for Sn, 0.61 μg·L -1 for Pb, and 0.80 μg·L -1 for Bi with an enrichment factor of 140 using a 100-mL water sample. A spike test for the seven analytes in tap water, rainwater, river water, and mineral drinking water showed quantitative recoveries (93% -108%).

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“…Rapid chemical analysis of liquids by LIBS [9] has many potential applications; among them, there are monitoring of waters [10][11][12][13], of quality in pharmaceutical or food industry [14][15][16], medical diagnostics [17,18], and control of industrial processes or mechanical equipment [19,20]. Laser-induced plasma on or inside liquids generates intense shockwaves, bubbling, and expulsion of droplets, which together with the laser energy losses due to liquid vaporization reduce the available energy for the plasma excitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excluding some complex methods for preparation of liquid samples that eliminate advantages of LIBS in terms of simplicity, rapidity, and possibility for in-field measurements, on evaporating liquids (like waters and alcohols), an intense LIBS signal could be obtained by probing the residues left on a solid substrate [13,14,18,23]. The sample drying should be performed close to room temperature in order to prevent losses of volatile components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Applied on Liquid Films: Effects of the Sample Thickness and the Laser Energy on the Signal Intensity and Stability

Lazic

Ciaffi

2017

Journal of Spectroscopy

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Droplets of organic liquids on aluminum substrate were probed by an Nd:YAG laser, both in a steady state and during rotation at speeds 18-150 rpm. Rotation transforms the droplet into film, which estimated thickness at high speeds was below 3 μm and 20 μm for diesel and peanut oil, respectively. Line intensities from the liquid (C I) and the support (Al I) material were tracked as a function of the film thickness and the laser energy. By film thinning, the line intensities from liquid sample were enhanced up to a factor 100x; simultaneously, the LIBS signal fluctuations were reduced 5-10 times with respect to the steady droplet. In certain experimental conditions, the line intensities from the support material become very weak with respect to the C I line, indicating an efficient screening of the substrate by highly excited plasma from the liquid layer. At a fixed rotation speed, there is a laser energy threshold, dependent on the liquid thickness, above which the LIBS signal becomes stable. Here, we discuss the relative processes and optimization of the experimental conditions for the LIBS measurements frome one laser shot to another.

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Analysis of Aqueous Solutions by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Ion Exchange Membranes

Cited by 84 publications

References 15 publications

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy application in environmental monitoring of water quality: a review

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy application in environmental monitoring of water quality: a review

Determination of Heavy Metals at Sub-ppb Levels in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using a Direct Introduction Technique after Preconcentration with an Iminodiacetate Extraction Disk

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Applied on Liquid Films: Effects of the Sample Thickness and the Laser Energy on the Signal Intensity and Stability

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