“…The output of the solar cell was 12 volts, and all the device components utilized in this work required a maximum of 5 volts. So, it was essential to step down the voltage level of the solar cell, and to achieve this operation, a DC-to-DC converter was used [12]. The XY-3606-based DC-to-DC converter was used as a step-down converter, which reduced the voltage from 12 volts to 5 volts and supplied a maximum current of 5 A.…”