Analysis of ammonia, ammonium aerosols and acid gases in the atmosphere at a commercial hog farm in eastern North Carolina, USA

McCulloch, Ronald B.; Few, G. Stephen; Murray, George; Aneja, Viney P.

doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(98)80042-0

Cited by 60 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Our results for fine and ultrafine particle show that elemental and chemical compositions are consistent with the findings in [16], where the sum of the metallic element percentages ranges from 10% for the ultrafine portion of particles, to about 25% for the fine fraction of pollutants measurable by XRF.…”

Section: A Fine and Ultrafine Particlessupporting

confidence: 88%

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Elemental and Chemical Analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants in the UAE

Hamdan¹,

Alawadhi²,

Jisrawi³

2015

IJESD

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Abstract-Knowledge of both the size distribution and elemental composition of different size fractions of aerosol particles is useful not only in providing information about the chemical composition and source apportionment of pollutants, but also in understanding the transformation chemistry of pollutants during transport in the atmosphere. We have used a low pressure-multistage inertial impactor and a double stage low volume sampler for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter between 10 m, and 2.5 m respectively (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) to collect both indoor and outdoor samples. We have integrated various spectroscopic techniques to obtain complementary information about the composition of various size fractions of pollutants, their transformation and their possible sources. Our results show that the coarse fraction of PM is mainly due to natural sources such as dust storms crustal matter and seas salts, while the fine and ultrafine fractions of PM matter contains compounds created through reactions of the natural coarse pollutants with anthropogenic emissions such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ), during transport in the atmosphere. The major phase of such new compounds was ammonium sulfate.

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Section: A Fine and Ultrafine Particlessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Ammonium sulfate is usually formed as a liquid or solid with particle size of less than 0.5 μm [16]- [21]. Unlike ammonium nitrates that require high humidity conditions in the atmosphere, ammonium sulfates form at all ranges of atmospheric humidity.…”

Section: A Fine and Ultrafine Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental and Chemical Analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants in the UAE

Hamdan¹,

Alawadhi²,

Jisrawi³

2015

IJESD

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“…Acid rain has the negative effect on soils, lakes and streams; it accelerates the corrosion of buildings and monuments and reduces the visibility (Padhan and Kumar, 2013). Ammonia is once emitted to atmosphere it could undergo conversion to NH 4 + aerosol due to its highly reactive nature and quickly deposited near to the sources of emission (McCulloch et al 1998). The conversion of NH 3 to NH 4 + in aerosol or in clouds is depending on the concentration of acids in atmosphere.…”

Section: Effect Of Fleshings In Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of fleshings at beamhouse in tannery and its environmental impact assessment: Bangladesh perspective

Hashem

Nur‐A‐Tomal

Mondal

2015

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.

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Leather processing involves the conversion of putrescible hide/skin into imputrescible leather and consequently huge amount of solid waste generated in tanning process. In tannery at beamhouse, fleshing is one of the most indispensable mechanical operations in leather processing where significant amount of solid waste (termed as fleshings) is produced. A work was carried out to estimate the generated fleshing and to assess its environmental impact. In Bangladesh yearly 20.1×10 3 MT fleshings was generated only from cow hide and goat skin where 10.3×10 3 MT for cow hide and 9.8×10 3 MT for goat skin. The generated fleshings are usually kept indiscriminately inside or outside the industrial area as green. In rainy season, all fleshings including other solid wastes are washed away and finally fall in to the river, Buriganga. Fleshings contained alkaline pH (12.3±0.2), fat, proteins, lime and sulphide. Improper management of fleshings has negative effect on human health, air, water, land and plant.

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“…Measurements of lagoon and meteorological parameters were taken near the anaerobic lagoon (Aneja et al, 2000;McCulloch et al, 1998). The Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen values were not available for the Sampson County lagoon site; therefore an average value of 85% of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) was taken for the calculation purpose based on Filhage (1998) recommendations.…”

Section: Validation Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Modelling of Ammonia Emissions at Waste Treatment Lagoon-Atmospheric Interface

Aneja¹,

Malik²,

Tong³

et al. 2001

Air-Surface Exchange of Gases and Particles (2000)

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Abstract. Global emissions of ammonia are approximately 75 Tg N/yr (1 Tg = 10 12 g). The major global source is excreta from domestic animals (∼ 32 Tg N −1 yr −1 ). Waste storage and treatment lagoons are used to treat the excreta of hogs in North Carolina (NC). Proteins and nitrogen rich compounds in the lagoon are converted to ammonia, through a series of biological and chemical transformations. The process of ammonia emission has been investigated using two different model approaches: (1) Coupled Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction Model (Model I), and (2) Mass Transport without Chemical Reaction Model (Model II). A sensitivity analysis is performed with the models, and the model results are compared with ammonia emission experiments at a swine waste storage and treatment lagoon in NC using a dynamic emission flux chamber.Results of model predictions of emission flux indicate an exponential increase in ammonia flux with increasing lagoon temperature and pH, a linear increase with increasing lagoon total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), and a secondary degree increase with the increasing wind speed. In addition, the fluxes predicted by Model I are consistently larger than fluxes predicted by Model II. Experimental values of flux agreed well with model predictions, with the experimental values lying in different positions between the two model predictions under different physical and chemical conditions. Further, when compared to diurnal and seasonal experimental flux values, Model I corroborates the results in calm meteorological conditions (wind speed U10 = 1.5 m s −1 ). However, the observed results are better predicted by Model II during unstable conditions, when wind speeds are higher than 2.0 m s −1 and physical transfer process functions dominate.

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Analysis of ammonia, ammonium aerosols and acid gases in the atmosphere at a commercial hog farm in eastern North Carolina, USA

Cited by 60 publications

References 9 publications

Elemental and Chemical Analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants in the UAE

Elemental and Chemical Analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants in the UAE

Generation of fleshings at beamhouse in tannery and its environmental impact assessment: Bangladesh perspective

Measurement and Modelling of Ammonia Emissions at Waste Treatment Lagoon-Atmospheric Interface

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