Analysis of Alveolar Bone Morphology of the Maxillary Central and Lateral Incisors with Normal Occlusion

Abstract

Background and objectives: This study investigated the morphology of the labial and palatal bony wall of the maxillary central and lateral incisors using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The difference between males and females and the measurement between right and left sides were measured. Materials and Methods: Twenty participants, consisting of 11 females and 9 males having normal occlusion, were used for the analysis. The mean age was 21.9 ± 3.0 years. The thickness of the labial bony wall and palatal bony wall, perpendicular to the long axis of the root, were evaluated at 3 and 5 mm apical from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and at the root apex. The available bony wall below the apex of the central and lateral incisors, and the angulation between the long axis of the tested tooth and outer surface of the labial bone were measured. Results: The mean labial bony wall thickness at the 3 and 5 mm apical from the CEJ were 1.1 ± 0.3 mm and 1.0 ± 0.4 mm for central incisors, respectively, as well as 1.2 ± 0.4 mm and 1.0 ± 0.4 mm for lateral incisors, respectively. The mean palatal bony wall thickness at 5 mm from the CEJ was above 2 mm in the central and lateral incisors. The percentage of labial bony wall thickness 2 mm or greater at the root apex in central incisors was higher than in lateral incisors (62.5% vs. 55.0%). The percentage of palatal bony wall thickness ≥2 mm at 3 mm apical from the CEJ in the central incisors was higher than in the lateral incisors (37.5% vs. 15.0%). The results on the left and right sides did not show statistically significant differences, except in the labial and palatal bony wall thickness at 3 mm from the CEJ in the lateral incisor. Generally, no significant differences were seen between males and females, but males had a significantly higher labial bony wall thickness at 3 and 5 mm from the CEJ in the central and lateral incisors when compared with females. Conclusions: This study showed that a majority of the cases of Korean participants had less than 2 mm of labial bony wall thickness at 3 and 5 mm apical from the CEJ at central and lateral incisors, and this should be kept in mind while performing dental practices, including tooth extraction or immediate implantation in anterior regions. Preoperative analysis using CBCT may be beneficial for establishing the treatment plan.

Buccal bone thickness of maxillary anterior teeth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Additionally, the present meta‐analysis revealed a gender difference on BBT, with males presenting thicker bone than females at different root levels, results previously confirmed by certain research groups (Lee et al., 2019; Sheerah, Othman, Jaafar, & Alsharif, 2019). However, Demircan and Demircan (2015) were in partial agreement, reporting that males had significantly greater thickness only at lateral incisors, while females had thicker bone at the crest level of central incisors.…”

“…Additionally, the present meta-analysis revealed a gender difference on BBT, with males presenting thicker bone than females at different root levels, results previously confirmed by certain research groups (Lee et al, 2019;Sheerah, Othman, Jaafar, & Alsharif, 2019).…”

“…(2014) as well as Lee et al. (2019) were in agreement for central and lateral incisors (2.04 ± 0.98 mm, 2.07 ± 1.04 mm and 2.30 ± 0.80 mm, 2.20 ± 0.80 mm respectively), Porto et al. (2020) reported comparable results for lateral incisors (2.30 ± 1.20 mm), Jin et al.…”

“…Zhou et al (2014) as well asLee et al (2019) were in agreement for central and lateral incisors (2.04 ± 0.98 mm, 2.07 ± 1.04 mm and 2.30 ± 0.80 mm, 2.20 ± 0.80 mm respectively),Porto et al (2020) reported comparable results for lateral incisors (2.30 ± 1.20 mm), Jin et al (2012) for canines and premolars, while Fuentes et al (2015) found central incisors presenting with mean buccal bone thickness 2.13 ± 0.67 mm at the apical level.…”

Evaluation of factors affecting alveolar ridge height and facial bone thickness in Chinese maxillary central incisors by cone beam CT

“…determined that the thickness of the maxillary central incisor was 3 mm apical to the CEJ and 5 mm apical to the CEJ. 24 The thickness of the male BBW was thicker than that in females. The thickness of the BBW measured by Lee was thicker than in this study, but overall, the BBW in Asians was relatively thin, making it difficult for immediate implant surgery to be performed.…”